Anat-The Brain Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
four major parts of the brain | brainstem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum |
function/location of brainstem | connects spinal cord to the brain |
parts of the brainstem | medulla oblongata, pons, mesencephalon |
location of medulla oblongata | connects to the spinal cord (continuation of it??) |
location of pons | swelling on the anterior side of the brainstem |
location of mesencephalon | deep, connects brainstem and human brain (the rest of the brain) |
nucleus | concentration/collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that carries out a particular function |
function of medulla oblongata | regulates heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiration, and swallowing and reflexive actions: vomiting, hiccupping, coughing, and sneezing |
function of pons | "bridge", connects brain's parts so that action potentials can flow |
nucleus of pons | sleep and respiratory center-- can influence the respiratory nucleus in the medulla |
mesencephalon | midbrain |
mesencephalon function #1 | integral part of auditory pathway in the CNS (runs from inner ear to cerebrum) |
mesencephalon function #2 | produces a dopamine hormone that stimulates muscles to stop them from contracting, damage to this area can cause Parkinson's |
cerebellum structure/appearance | cauliflower-shaped, contains 50% of the neurons of the brain even though it's a small structure |
cerebellum function | involved in control of balance, posture (receives positional information to maintain balance and posture), locomotion, and fine motor coordination producing smooth, flowing movements |
cerebellum function example | playing the piano properly VS. banging on the keys with your fist-- adds details to signals from the brain (play the piano) and coordinates awareness of position and necessary adjustments |
components of diencephalon | thalamus (walls), epithalamus (posterior wall), and hypothalamus (floor) |
diencephalon structure | surrounds a cavity, tissue is the walls, floor, etc. |
thalamus structure | largest part of the diencephalon |
thalamus function #1 | most sensory information projects here before going to the cerebrum (except for olfaction-- goes directly to the cerebrum) |
thalamus function #2 | filters the sensory information (ex. filters out background noise when having a conversation in a noisy room) |
thalamus function #3 | influences mood and actions such as fear, anger, or rage |
major structure epithalamus | pineal gland (endocrine) |
pineal gland function | may influence the sleep-wake cycle (Circadian rhythm) by producing melatonin which induces sleepiness |
hypothalamus function #1 | ANS control |
hypothalamus function #2 | endocrine control (pituitary gland is an anterior extension of the hypothalamus); regulates growth, maturity of sexual organs, metabolic rate, and reproduction |
hypothalamus function #3 | muscle control (Ex. shivering, swallowing) |
hypothalamus function #4 | temperature regulation (shivering and sweating) |
hypothalamus function #5 | regulation of food and water intake, "hungry" and "thirsty" signals go here |
hypothalamus function #6 | emotions: anger, aggression, fear, pleasure, contentment, sex drive, orgasm |
hypothalamus function #7 | regulation of sleep-wake cycle, controls the production of melatonin by the pineal gland |
cerebrum hemispheres (halves) | right and left |
cerebrum lobes | frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal (all under corresponding bones), and insula (deep, can't see it externally) |
cerebrum function | center for cognition, intelligence, individuality, memory, foresight, emotions, muscular control, interpretation of sensory data, and understanding of the world |
gyrus | fold |
sulcus | groove |
meninges | connective tissue membranes that surround the brain and are continuous with those of the spinal cord |
superficial meninx | dura mater |
middle meninx | arachnoid mater |
deep meninx | pia mater |
dura mater structure | has sinuses for blood to circulate |
pia mater location | bound tightly to the brain |
subdural space function | contains serous fluid |
subarachnoid space function | contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
epidural space function | NOTHING!! dura mater basically contacts the skull bones |
ventricles | cavity spaces in the brain that connect with each other and the central canal of the spinal cord (ventricles are derived from here) |
central canal | tiny hole in the center of the spinal cord |
ventricle names | lateral ventricles (2), third ventricle, fourth ventricle |
fourth ventricle location | between cerebellum and pons (in brainstem) |
lateral ventricles location/structure | one in each hemisphere, c-shaped/horseshoe shaped |
third ventricle location/structure | really thin space in the diencephalon, connected to each of the lateral ventricles |
choroid plexuses location | extensions in the walls of ventricles |
choroid plexuses function | filter and alter fluid from blood to make CSF, which fills the ventricles and other parts of the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid space |
CSF characteristics | similar to serum (formed from blood fluid) with most of the proteins removed |
CSF function #1 | bathes the brain and spinal cord |
CSF function #2 | provides a protective cushion around the CNS, absorbs some impact energy |
CSF function #3 | provides some nutrients (such as glucose) to CNS tissues |
production of CSF | produced by ependymal cells in the ventricles of the brain |
the brain receives _________________ of blood pumped by the heart | 15-20% |
arteries through which brain receives blood | right and left internal carotid arteries (through the carotid canal) and right and left vertebral arteries (through the foramen magnum) |
results of several minutes of interruption to blood flow to the brain | unconsciousness and irreversible brain damage |
corpus callosum | connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum |
Created by:
Jean-O
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