| Question |
Answer |
| What is the Dosage for Aspirin | Adult: 162-325 mg PO Pediatric: Not Recommended |
| What is the Route of administration for Aspirin | PO |
| What is the Generic name for Aspirin | Acetylsalicylic Acid |
| What is the Classification of Aspirin | Analgesic; Antipyretic; on-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID); Platelet Aggregate Inhibitor |
| What is the first Mechanism of Action for Aspirin | 1. Inhibits aggregation of platelets by blocking the formation of the substance thromboxane therefors also prolonging bleeding time |
| What is the Second Mechanism of Action for Aspirin | 2. Provides analgesia by inhibiting prostaglandins and other substances that sensitize pain receptors |
| What is the Third Mechanism of Action for Aspirin | 3. Relieves fever by acting upon the hypothalamic heat regulating center |
| What are Aspirin's Indications | Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation in a suspected myocardial infarction and inhibits platelet aggregation associated with a thrombotic stroke |
| What are Aspirin's Contraindications | 1. Active gastrointestinal bleeding 2. Asthma pacients with nasal polyps |
| What are Aspirin's Gastrointestinal Side effects | Gastrointestinal: bleeding, heartburn, epigastric pain |
| What are Aspirin's CNS Side effects | CNS: dizziness, confusion, drowsiness |
| What are Aspirin's ENT Side effects | ENT: Tinnitus, hearing loss |
| What does ENT mean | Ears Nose and Throat |
| What are other possible side effects for Aspirin | May impair renal function, may prolong labor in pregnancy with increased bleeding |
| What are Aspirin's Precautions | 1.Medical Hx of pre-existing ulcers, liver diseas, or bleeding disorders 2. Due to the possible association with reye's syndrome, do not give drug to children or teenagers with signs and symptoms of chickenpox withour physician consultation |
| What are Aspirin's interactions | 1. Aspirin inhibits anti-hypertensive effects of ACE inhibitors 2. Ammoniun chloride and other urin acidifying drugs will increase effects of aspirin- watch for toxicity |
| Aspirin's Onset and durration of Action | Onset is 5-30 min and may last 1-4 hr, peak in 15 min |
| What is the Classification of Morphine Sulfate | Opioid Narcotic, CNS Depressant |
| What is the First Mechanism of Action for Morphine Sulfate | Alters pain perception and produces euphoria |
| What is the Second Mechanism of Action for Morphine Sulfate | Decreases myocardial oxygen demand by decreasing preload and decreasing afterload |
| What is the Third Mechanism of Action for Morphine Sulfate | Decreases the CNS by interacting with opiate receptors in the brain |
| What are the indications for Morphine Sulfate | 1. Moderate to severe pain 2. Chest pain of suspected myocardial orgin 3. Pulmonary Edema from CHF with or without chest pain 4. Burns |
| What are the Contraindications for Morphine Sulfate | 1. Altered level of consciousness 2. Adbominal pain of unknown etiology 3. Patients at risk of respiratory depression 4. Head injury 5. Hypovolemia |
| What are the Cardiovascular side effects for Morphine sulfate | bradycardia, hypotension, (rebound tachycardia/hypertension) |
| What are the Neurological side effects for Morphine Sulfate | Sedation, agitation, tremors/seizures, hallucinations |
| What are the Respiratory side effects for Morphine Sulfate | respiratory depression and respiratory arrest |
| What are the Gastrointesinal side effects for Morphine Sulfate | Nausea/ Vomiting |
| What are the precautions for Morphine Sulfate | Morphine sulfate is an opiate derivative- Naloxone should be available to reverse any severe respiratory side effects |
| What are the interactions for Morphine Sulfate | Use with caution with patients taking other analgesics, depressants or narcotics |
| What are the Routes of Administration for Morphine Sulfate | IV, IO, IM |
| What is the Onset and Duration of Action for Morphine Sulfate | IV/IO will have an onset of 2-5 min and IM will have an onset of 5-10 min. Each will last approximately 3-5 hr |
| What are the Dosages for Morphine Sulfate | Adult: Pain Relief 1.0 - 10.0 mg IV titrated to pain relief or 5.0 - 10.0 mg IM as a single dose only Pulmonary Edema: 5.0 -10.0 mg slow IV push (2.0 mg/min)Pediatric: 0.1 -0.2 mg/kg slow IV push (1.0mg/min) titrated to pain relief or 0.1 mg/kg IM |
| Morphine Sulfate Notes | May Draw 10 mg (1ml) into a syringe and mix with 9ml of normal saline. This creates a 1mg/1ml concentration for better control when administering the medication |
| What is the Classification for Activated Charcoal | Adsorbent |
| What is the Mechanism of Action for Activated Charcoal | Binds (adsorbs) toxic substances inhibiting gastrointestinal absorption, leaving less toxic substance in body circulation; increasing fecal elimination of drug/charcoal complex |
| What is the indication for Activated Charcoal | Suspected ingestion of drugs or chemicals |
| What are the contraindications for Activated Charcoal | 1. Patients with a compromised airway – need to minimize chance for aspiration or obstruction 2. Ingestion of Iron or multi-vitamins |
| What are the side effects for Activated Charcoal | Respiratory: choking Gastrointestinal: vomiting, black stools, abdominal cramping/bloating |
| What are the percautions for Activated Charcoal | 1. Should not be administered immediately after Syrup of Ipecac 2. Must shake vigorously prior to administration 3. Do not use charcoal with sorbitol (an added sweetener) in children < 1 yr |
| What are the interactions for Activated Charcoal | Will not bind with alcohol |
| What are the routs of administration for Activated Charcoal | voluntarily by patient or PO via nasogastric/orogastric tube |
| What is the onset and duration of action for Activated Charcoal | Onset is immediate, peak effect and duration are unknown |
| What is the dosage for Activated Charcoal | Adult: Initially 1g/kg PO Pediatric: Initially 1g/kg PO |
| Notes for Activated Charcoal | 1. Does not absorb cyanide, ethanol, methanol, ferrous sulfate, caustic alkali or mineral acids 2. Most effective if administered within 30 minutes of ingestion 3. Use very cautiously in patients who cannot protect their own airway |
| What are some of the trade names for Activated Charcoal | Acta-Char, Actidose-Aqua, Insta-Char, Liqui-Char, CharcoAid |
| What are some of the trade names for Nitro | Nitrolingual, Nitrostat, Nitrobid, Tridil |
| What are the classifications for Nitroglycerin | Vasodilator, Nitrate, Antianginal |
| What is the Mechanism of Action for Nitroglycerin | 1. Relaxes smooth muscles causing venous dilation 2. Reduces preload and afterload to the heart 3. Dilates the coronary arteries resulting in increased perfusion of the myocardium |
| What are the indications for Nitroglycerin | 1. Chest pain of cardiac origin 2. Acute pulmonary edema |
| What are the contraindications for Nirtoglycerin | 1. Blood pressure less than 100 mmHg systolic2. Patients who have taken Erectile Dysfunction medications in the last 24-48 hours3. Signs and symptoms of head trauma (increased intracranial pressure) or cerebral hemorrhage4. Poor systemic perfusion |
| What are the Cardiovascular side effects of Nitroglycerin | hypotension, bradycardia, rebound hypertension/tachycardia, palpitations |
| What are the Neurological side effects of Nirtoglycerin | headache |
| What are the Other side effects of Nitroglycerin | flushed skin, sublingual burning |
| What are the precautions for Nitroglycerin | Monitor blood pressure closely for signs of hypotension (before and after administration) |
| What are the interactions for Nitroglycerin | Use with caution with patients who already use vasodilators, alcohol, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers and phenothiazides |
| What are the routes of administration for Nitroglycerin | SL, TM (transmucosal), transdermal (nitropaste) |
| What is the onset and duration of action for Nitroglycerin | Onset in 1-3 minutes and may last 30-60 minutes |
| What is the dosage for Nitroglycerin | Adult: 0.4 mg as a single spray or single tablet. May repeat every 3-5 minutesPediatric: not recommended |
| Notes for Nitroglycerin | 1. Do not shake canister if administered as a spray as it will altered the metered dose in a single spray 2. Do not have patient inhale drug on administration as it will alter absorption rate |
| Notes 2 for Nitroglycerin | 3. Establish IV prior to or immediately following administration to combat hypotension if necessary |
| What is the classificationof Oxygen | Gas |
| What is the Mechanism of Action for Oxygen | Increases percentage of oxygen in inspired air (FiO2) |
| What is FiO2 | Fractional Inhaled O2 |
| What are the indications of Oxygen | 1. Increase oxygen demand2. Hypoxemia or hypoxia3. Chest pain of myocardial origin, cardiovascular compromise or emergencies4. Respiratory insufficiency5. Neurological diseases or disorders6. Hypoperfusion state or trauma |
| What are the Routes of Administration for Oxygen | Inhaled |
| What is the Onset and Duration of Action for Oxygen | in 1-2 minutes and may last 30 minutes |
| What are the Dosages for Oxygen | Nasal Cannula- 2-6 LPM Simple Face Mask- 6-10 LPM Nonrebreather Mask- 10-15 LPM HHN/Neb Mask- 6-8 LPM BVM- 15 LPM |
| Oxygen Notes | Never withhold oxygen from any patient in distress |
500 Words
