WVSOM -- Physio Word Scramble

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WVSOM -- Physio

WVSOM -- Neural and Hormonal control of the GI system

Question	Answer
GRP	Grastrin Releasing Peptide Releases Gastrin
Action of Gastrin	Stimulates gastric acid secretion Growth of gastric oxyntic gland mucosa
Gastrin site of release	Antrum (duodenum)
Releaser of Gastrin	Amino Acids Distention Vagal Stimulation
CCK	Cholecystokinin
CCK stimulates	Gallbladder contraction Pancreatic enzyme secretion Pancreatic bicarb secretion Growth of exocrine pancreas Pepsin secretino
CCK inhibits	Gastric emptying
CCK site of release	duodenum and jejunum
What releases CCK?	Peptides Amino Acids Fatty acids > 8carbons
Secretin stimulates?	pancreatic bicarbonate secretion biliary bicarbonate secretion Growth of exocrine pancreas Pepsin secretion
Secretin inhibits?	Gastric acid secretion Trophic effect of gastrin
Secretin is released ?	duodenum
What causes release of secretin?	acid (fat)
What does GIP stimulate?	Insulin release
What does GIP inhibit?	gastric acid secretion
What does GIP stand for?	Gluco-dependant Inuslotropic Peptide Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
Motilin stimulates?	Gastric motility Intestinal motility
Motilin is released at	duodenum and jejunum
What causes release of motilin	nerves (fat and acid)
What are neurocrins?	located in nerves and released into the blood to affect distant target tissue
What are the 4 neurocrines?	VIP GRP enkephalins neurotensin
VIP	vasoinhibitory peptide both stimulatory and inhibitory secretion Inhibits gastric secretion causes relaxation of GI smooth muscle
GRP	Gastrin-releasing peptide
What nerves release GRP?	Vagus
What is GRP's action?	Gastrin release
Enkephalins	opiates decrease motility and decrease intestinal secretion
What common disorder are enkephalins good for?	diarrhea
Neurotensin	increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and glucagon release INHIBITS insulin release
Paracrines	somatostatin histamine
Somatostatin	Inhibits everything
Histamines	Induce parietal cells comes from ganglia
Candidate Hormones	Pancreatic polypeptide Peptide YY Enteroglucagon
Pancreatic polypeptide	Decreases pancreatic bicarb and enzyme secretion. Released by protein, fat and glucose
Peptide YY	Inhibits gastric secretion and emptying Released by fat
Enteroglucagon	Inhibits gastric secretion and emptying Stimulates insulin release Released by Hexose and Fat
How are the distal rectum and anal canal innervated	sympathetic fibers from the hypogastric plexus
Parasympathtic nerves _____________ the GI.	stimulate
Sympathetic nerves _____________ the GI.	inhibit
SNS ____________ sphincters	contracts
SNS _________ tone/motility of the GI.	decreases
PNS _________ sphincters.	relaxes
PNS ______________ of smooth muscle of the GI.	increases motility
Can the enteric nervous system function independently?	yes
What modulates enteric output?	extrinsic nervous system
Enteric nervous system	Subdivision of peripheral nervous system that directly controls the GI system.
Extrinsic nervous system	Everything outside the enteric nervous system
Parasympathetic pre-ganglion synapse onto _________	enteric ganglion
Post-ganglionic nerves from the enteric nervous system synapse __________.	on target cells and other enteric nerves.
Anything leaving the enteric nervous system is ______________.	post-ganglionic
3 types of post-ganglionic nerves leaving the enteric system.	post-ganglionic parasympathetic post-post-ganglionic sympathetic post-enteric
What are the two main plexus found in the GI	myenteric and submucosal
Where is myenteric plexus located?	just under the longitudinal muscle
Where is the submucosal plexus found?	Just under the circular muscle
Myentery plexus innervates ____________.	Outer muscles
Submucosal plexus innervates _____________.	Crypts and villi.
What kind of information is carried on the vagus nerve?	afferent and efferent
The classic exitatory neurotransmitters are	ACH and Substance P
The classic inhibitory neurotransmitters are	VIP and NO
VIP is located exclusively within	nerves
Two reflexes in the GI	Vasovagal Reflex local/intramural reflexes
Vasovagal reflex	afferent information goes from gut to CNS then efferents return to the GI to correct the situation
Local reflexes and intramural reflexes occur	only in the gut wall
Hormonal control of teh GI tract	cell-cell autorcine paracrine nervous endocrine neuroendocrine
Cell-cell control	thru gap junctions
autocrine control	cell secretes a hormone that regulates itself
paracrine	target cell is near signaling cell
Nervous control of the GI	neuron releases thru a synapse to target cell
Endocrine control	endocrine cell releases hormone to blood stream then goes to target cell
Neuroendocrine control	Nerve releases hormone to bloodstream then goes to target cell
Distension inhibits	gastrin
Protein stimulates	Gastrin CCK GIP
Fat stimulates	CCK GIP
Acids/Fatty Acids stimulate	Secretin
Acids/fatty acids inhibit	Gastrin
Glucose stimulates	GIP
Motilin is released	cyclically every 90 minutes during fasting
What inhibits motilin?	mixed meal
ECF	enterochromaffin-like cells release histamine
Zollinger Ellison	Gastrin secreting tumors in the pancreas

Created by:

Todd Jamrose on 2008-11-07