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WVSOM -- Physio Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Cardiac Output	volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute
Stroke Volume	Volume of blood ejected per beat
Heart Rate	Number of heart beats/minute
Cardiac Output Equation	CO = HR x SV
Stroke Volume Equation	SV = EDV - ESV
Schematic for the SV component of the Equation	Preload (Starling Effect) Contractility Afterload Compliance
Ejection Fraction	EF = (SV)/(EDV)
Inotropy	contractility
Starlings Law	As volume increases, length increases and the greater the contraction
Compliance Equation	(delta)V/(delta)P
Increasing Preload causes	Increasing EDP Increasing EDV Increases SV and CO
Decreased HR causes	less time for filling and results in a lesser force
Afterload	force it has to overcome (arterial pressure)
Increasing Afterload	Increases pre-ejection pressure Increases ESV Decreases SV and CO
Increasing contractility	Decreases ESV Increases SV
Lowering Compliance	decreased EDV Decreases SV and CO
length affects	tension and velocity
Ejection Fraction in normal health	55%
What is the only way to change the slope of the left ventricular pressure	change contractility
What affects contractility? (3)	Positive inotropic effects
Postive inotropes caused by	open Ca channels inhibition of the Na/Ca exchanger Inhibit plasma membrane pump Activations of B1 receptors
what cardiac drug induces positive inotropic effects?	Cardiac glycosides (digitalis)
Negative inotropes	Ca channel blockers Low Ca High extracellular Na
Determinants of O2 demand on the heart	afterload extent of muscle shortening heart rate inotropic state heart size
60-90% of cardiac ATP derived from ________	free fatty acids
Calculating CO using the Fick Principle:	"oxygen is the indicator"
Cardiac Output equation using Fick Principle	CO = O2 consumption / (O2 pulmonary vein - )2 pulmonary artery)