USMLE Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| In the ventricular action potential, what causes the Phase 0 rapid upswing? | opening of voltage gated Na channels |
| In the phase 2 plateau, Ca++ influx triggers Ca++ release from the SR causing …. | myocyte contraction |
| What effect does Ach have on HR? | decrease |
| What effect do catecholamines have on HR | increase |
| Name 4 things that increase contractility: | catecholamines, digitalis, an increase in intracellular Ca++, or a decrease in extracellular Na+ |
| What effect does increased afterload have on myocardial oxygen demand? | increased |
| how do catecholamines increase contractility? | increase the activity of Ca++ pump in the SR |
| What effect will and MI have on contractile state of the heart? | decrease |
| what does S1 correspond to? | mitral and tricuspid valve closure |
| what does S2 correspond to? | aortic and pulmonary valve closure |
| what does S3 correspond to? | the end of rapid ventricular filling |
| what is S3 associated with? | dilated CHF |
| what is S4 and what does it indicate? | an atrial kick associated with a hyptertrophic ventricle (high atrial pressure/stiff ventricle) |
| what is the a wave? | atrial contraction |
| what is the c wave? | RV contraction when the tricuspid valve bulges into atrium |
| what is the v wave? | increase in atrial pressure due to filling against a closed tricuspid valve |
| what is physiologic S2 splitting | aortic valve closes just before the pulmonic - the difference is increased on inspiration |
| what is paradoxical splitting | when the split is heard on expiration instead of inspiration … associated with aortic stenosis |
| what is meant by "HIZ" shrinkage | the H, I, and Z band decrease in length on muscle contraction, the A band (myosin) stays the same length |
| describe the pathway of smooth muscle contraction | ap - > sm muslce depolarization - > open Ca++ channels -> increase in cytosol Ca++ -> Ca++ bind Calmodulin -> activates MLCK -> relaxation ->MLCP forms a cross bridge and contraction by binding myosin to actin - > MLCK relaxes … cycle continues while Ca |
| in an EKG, what does the P wave represent? | atrial depolarization |
| in an EKG, what does the PR segment represent? | conduction delay through the AV (200 msec) |
| in an EKG, what does the QRS complex represent? | ventricular depolarization(120 msec) |
| in an EKG, what does the QT interval represent? | mechanical contraction of the ventricle |
| in and EKG, what does the T wave represent? | ventricular repolarization |
| do you see atrial repolarization on an EKG? | no, it is masked by the QRS complex |
| in an EKG, what does the ST segment represent? | isoelectric, ventricles are depolarized |
| on an EKG, what is a U wave? | caused by hypokalemia |
| what is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome | when an accessory conduction pathway exists from atria to ventricle (bundle of Kent) - bypasses the AV node and ventricles partially depoliarize earlier giving rise to a delta wave. WPW syndrome may lead to recurrent entry and SVTs. |
| What do you see on and EKG with atrial fibrillation? | chaotic erratic baseline with no disrete P waves in between iregularly spaced QRS complexes |
| What do you see on an EKG with atrial flutter? | sawtooth, identical back to back P waves |
| How many kinds of AV block are there? | 4: 1st degree, mobitz I, mobitz II, complete |
| What is 1st degree AV block? | asymptomatic - PR interval longer than 200 msec |
| What is mobitz II AV block? | driooed beats not proceeded by a progressively lengthening PR interval. Pathological … can progress to complete block |
| What is mobitz I AV block? | progressive PR lengthening until a beat is dropped … usually asymptomatic |
| what is a 3rd degree AV block | complete AV block, atria and ventricles beat independently … rx with pacemaker |
| what is v-fib | completely erradic rhythm with no identifiable waves, fatal without immediate defibrillation |
| what is the normal right atrial pressure? | 5 |
| what is the normal left atrial pressure | 12 (approx with pcwp - swan-ganz) |
| what is the normal right ventricular blood pressure? | 25/5 |
| what is the normal pulmonary artery pressure? | 25/10 |
| what is the normal left ventricular pressure? | 130/10 |
| what is a normal aortic blood pressure? | 130/90 |
Created by:
Asclepius
Popular USMLE sets