ch. 22, 23, 24 Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
Name the 3 layers of the heart wall | Epicardium Endocardium Myocardium |
Name the 4 cardiac valves in order of location as blood passes through the heart | Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semi lunar vavle Mitral vavle Aortic semi lunar valve |
What is the function of the bundle of His | Only electrical connection between the atria and ventricles |
What structures are contained within the mediastinum | Esophagus, Trachea, Thymus, Lymph nodes, Great vessels |
The apex of the heart is | Inferior |
Cardiac tamponade is the compression of the heart due to | Fluid build up with in the pericardium |
The apex of the lung is | Superior |
There are how many layers of pericardium | 2 |
A _________ revascularization (TRM) is performed on pts who are not good canidates for CABG | Transmyocardial |
The hilum of the lung is on which side | Medial |
Instrument sets for thoracic procedures are equipped with instruments needed to remove a | Rib |
Which artery is for oxygenation of blood | Pulmonary |
Removing a piece of the lung smaller than a segment is called | Wedge resection |
Hyaline cartilage | Elastic connective tissue that covers the ends of bones |
Tamponade | Pathological compression of an anatomical part |
Diastole | Resting phase of the cardiac cycle |
Stent | Inserted to support luminous structures while allowing passage of fluids |
Endocardium | Inner lining of the heart wall in all of the hearts chambers and valves |
Tachycardia | Fast heart rate, more than 100 bpm |
Atria | Upper chambers of the heart that recieves blood |
Infarction | An area of dead tissue caused by an inadequate supply of oxygenated blood |
Alveoli | Terminal ends of the bronchioles forming grape-like clusters within the lungs |
Bradycardia | Slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm |
Cardiac cycle | Includes everything that occurs within the heart during a single heart beat |
Myocardium | Heart muscle made of specially constructed cardiac muscle cells that contract and force blood from the hearts chambers |
angio- | vessel |
arter- | artery |
ather- | yellowish plaque |
brachi- | arm |
cardi- | heart |
coron- | heart |
cyan- | blue |
ox- | oxygen |
phleb- | vein |
sphygm- | pulse |
steth- | chest |
thrombo- | clot |
vas- | vessel |
vascul- | vascular |
algia- | pain |
epi- | above |
encepal- | brain |
myel- | spinal cord |
radicul- | nerve root |
algesia- | sensitivity to pain |
comat- | deep sleep |
lepsy- | seizer |
paresis- | weakness |
plegia | paralysis |
subdural | under skin |
epidural | above skin dura matter |
hemo- | blood |
CNS | central nervous system |
TIA (stroke) | trans ischemia attack |
CAD | coronary artery disease |
CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
MI | myocardial infarction |
DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
sephal | head |
I. olfactory nerve | smell |
II. optic nerve | central and peripheral vision |
III. oculomotor nerve | eye movement (focus) pupillary constriction |
IV. trochlear nerve | eye movement (down toward the tip of the nose) |
V. trigeminal nerve | forehead and scalp sensation; cheek sensation; chewing |
VI. abducens nerve | eye movement to the sides |
VII. facial nerve | face and scalp movement; taste; ear sensation facial movement; expressions |
VIII. vestibulocochlear nerve | hearing; balance |
IX. glossopharyngeal nerve | tongue and throat sensations; throat movement |
X. vagus nerve | peristalsis; blood pressure; heart rate; coughing; sneezing |
XI. accessory nerve | swallowing; head and shoulder movements |
XII. hypoglossal nerve | speech; swallowing |
sensory nerve fibers | to the brain |
motor nerve fibers | away from the brain to muscles and organs |
thalamus | relay station for sensory impulses-pain |
hypothalamus | body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions |
cerebellum | co-ordination of voluntary movement and balance |
brain-stem | lower extension is where spinal cord attaches, cranial nerves come from the brain stem area. respiratory and cardiac regulation, level of awareness, reticular activating system |
midbrain | center for visual reflexes (eye and head movement) |
pons | breathing, eyes |
medulla oblongata | nerve fibers cross-over here, regulate body functions |
brain stem order inferior to superior | midbrain; pons; medulla oblongata |
cerebrum | thinking, personality, sensations, movement and memory, largest portion |
temporal lobe | hearing, understanding speech |
rt temporal lobe | visual memory |
lt temporal lobe | verbal memory |
parietal lobe | body sensations |
occipital | vision |
frontal | thought processes, behavior and personality |
basal ganglia | gray matter, coordinate between cerebellum for smooth movement |
diencephalons | gray matter, includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary gland and pineal. body temp regulation, pituitary control, ANS response, includes: thalamus, epithalamus, hypothalamus |
mesencephalon or midbrain | contains white and gray matter, reflex center, coordinate muscle movement |
pleura | a thin serous membrane that encloses the lungs |
prolapse | to fall or slip out of normal anatomical position |
systole | contraction phase of the cardiac cycle |
infiltration | accumulation or diffusion of a forgein substance into tissue |
mediastinum | area in the thoracic cavity in the middle of the thorax between the lungs |
oxygenated | saturated with oxygen |
pericardium | the sac that surrounds the heart |
arrhythmia | absence of cardiac rhythm |
aneurysm | sac made by localized dilation of artery walls due to structural weakening |
ventricles | the lower chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria |
carnia | inferior tracheal cartilage projecting from the tracheal cartilage |
ductus arteriosus | a fetal blood vessel that joins the aorta and pulmonary artery |
tricuspid valve | regulates blood flow between the rt atrium and rt ventricle |
pulmonary valve | controls blood flow from the rt ventricle into the pulmonary arteries; which carries blood to your lungs to pick up oxygen |
mitral valve | lets oxygen-rich blood from your lungs pass from the lt atrium into the lt ventricle |
aortic valve | lets oxygen-rich blood pass from the lt ventricle into the aorta, your largest artery; which then delivers blood to the rest of the body |
the average adult has approx. _____ liters of blood | 5 |
_________ muscle helps move venous blood | skeletal |
_______ _______ is the inner layer of a vessel | tunica interna |
what is the self retainging retractor of choice for peripheral vascular procedures | weitlaner |
another name for the brachiocephalic artery is the _________ artery | innominate |
a ____ ____ saves the pts blood for auto transfusion | cell saver |
_____________ is wwhen a blood vessel dilates | vasodilation |
fogarty catheter | used to facilitate the removal of an embolus |
phrenic | pertaining to the diaphragm |
morbidity | pertaining to disease |
occlusion | an obstruction |
dissecting | splitting apart; going between layers; separating |
claudication | severe pain in the muscle of the lower leg due to poor blood circulation |
bifurcation | division into two branches; Y shaped |
contralateral | the opposite side |
patency | the condition of being wide open |
aventitia | the outermost layer of an artery; composed of elastic connective tissue |
pledgets | small squares of Teflon sutured over holes in vessels |
ischemia | lack of oxygenated blood supply to an area or organ of the body |
valve | membranous fold that prevents the backflow of material passing through |
mitigate | to reduce the effects |
sinus | a dilated channel for venous blood |
innominate | an unnamed structure |
in situ | at the site of origin; in its normal place |
diastole | resting phase of the cardiac cycle |
thrombus | a stationary blood clot within a blood vessel |
mortality | pertaining to death |
plethysmography | useful in pts with diffuse small vessel arterial disease |
papavarine | a smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of cardiovascular spasms |
occlude | to close off |
intima | inner layer of the arterial vessel wall |
capillary | where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs |
embolus | moves around in the circulatory system until it gets lodged in a vessel |
located between the rt atrium and rt ventricle | tricuspid valve |
located at the base of the aorta | aortic semi-lunar valve |
blood returns from the lungs and enters the left atrium | mitral valve |
lower chambers of the heart | ventricles |
fibrous cords attached to the cusps of valves on the ventricle side | chordactendineae |
water in the brain | hydrocephalus |
tough outer layer of the meninges | dura matter |
integration | bringing together several components or functions to facilitate harmony |
intracranial pressure (ICP) | pressure produced within the cranium |
peripheral nervous system (PNS) | the nerves linking the various body parts to the central nervous system |
sympathetic nervous system | division of the ANS responsible for the flight or fight mechanism |
glioma | a group of malignant tumors composed of glial cells |
central nervous system CNS | the main component that coordinates and controls the bodys activities |
abscess | an area of broken down tissue containing pus and liquefied tissue |
autonomic nervous system ANS | responsible for smooth muscle contraction |
dysraphism | incomplete closure or faulty fusion |
epidural | above or outside the dura matter |
transient ischemic attack TIA | intermittent cerebrovascular insufficiancy due to partial arterial blockage |
transsphenoidal | across or through the sphenoid bone |
acute | a sever short term condition |
circle of willis | a complex vascular network located at the base of the brain |
meninges | three tissue membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord |
cerebrum | the largest section of the brain |
parasympathetic nervous system PNS | part of the ANS that restores homeostatic balance and conserves energy |
hematoma | a localized collection of extravasated blood that is often clotted |
radiculopathy | pain, numbness, and tingling due to compression of a spinal nerve root |
extruded | forced out of position |
osteophyte | an abnormal bony growth |
decompress | to relieve pressure |
Created by:
E.Ochoa
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