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| Cultural relativity | the attempt to understand societies and people groups on their own terms and with their own value systems |
| Cultural universals | categories of things like communication, law, economics, and religious systems that occur in every culture |
| Culture | complex, integrated coping mechanism consisting of learned concepts and behavior, underlying perspectives (worldview), resulting products, customs and particular culture |
| Culture shock | part of the cultural adjustment process in which feelings of disorientation and frustration are experienced as people try to assimilate unfamiliar things of a new culture |
| Culture-bound | in linguistics, those words used in a language that are very difficult to express in another language because they refer to something present only in one particular culture |
| Colporteur | person using the itinerant selling of Bible and religious books as an evangelistic strategy |
| Bicultural | someone who has learned two cultures well enough to be seen as an insider in either one |
| Acculturation | process by which an adult learns a new culture |
| Appropriate technology | technology particularly suited to the culture and environment where it is used |
| Dynamic equivalence | thought-for-thought translation style first articulated by Eugene Nida that attempts to evoke the same response in readers that was experienced by the original readers |
| Enculturation | proves in which children learn the culture of the society in which they are raised; sociologists give the name socialization to the process |
| Ethnocentrism | judging things in other cultures by the vales and motivations of one’s own |
| Fieldwork | living among a people for the purpose of learning their culture |
| Form | object, sound, or action to which people have attached special meaning |
| Frontier missions | missionary efforts in un-reached or under-evangelized areas |
| Function | significance or meaning placed upon an object, sound, or action by a particular culture |
| Functional substitutes | alternative form that provides the basically same function for culture as the original |
| Heart language/mother tongue | a person’s first language; also called native language or mother tongue |
| Informant | in linguistics, a native speaker of a language who helps someone tring to learn it; in anthropology, an insider of a culture who helps an outsider understand it |
| Inverted homesickness | term used by Samuel Zwemer to describe the feelings missionaries have when upon returning to their own homeland they have an intense longing to go back to their place of missionary service. |
| Linguists | specialist in language |
| Majority world mission | non-western or non Euro-American nations comprising approximately two-thirds of the world’s land area, and in which reside approximately two-thirds of the world’s population |
| Non-Western missionaries | missionary who goes to the majority world outside of the Euro-American or Western cultures |
| Nonverbal communication | gestures, silence, spacing, and other behaviors that can be powerful communication means |
| People blindness | malady afflicting churches and leaders that makes particular people groups within their ministry area seem invisible |
| Racism | the linking of physical characteristics and culture, often resulting in erroneous views of another group of persons |
| Redemptive analogies | Don Richardson’s term for elements within a culture that anticipate the gospel |
| Regular missions | mission efforts in areas that are defines as reached |
| Reverse culture shock | feeling of disorientation and frustration experienced by missionaries returning to their home culture; some prefer to say reentry shock |
| Trade language | a language, usually a pidgin but which can be a major language spoken elsewhere, such as Hindi or English, that is used for communication between speakers of different native languages |
| Syncretism | fusing of elements of two differing religious systems to create a hybrid belief system |
