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| Aerial hyphae/mycelium | hyphae above the agar surface |
| Alternate | used to describe arthroconidia in a chain separated by cells which break down to release the conidia |
| Anamorph | asexual, ”imperfect” reproductive stage |
| Annellide | a conidiogenous cell which elongates and leaves a scar ring with the production of each conidium |
| Anthropophilic | dermatophytes that are restricted to human hosts |
| Antler hyphae | hyphae terminating in broad irregular branches resembling antlers |
| Arthroconidium | conidia formed in chains by the breaking up of a hyphae at the point of septation. The resulting cell may be rectangular or barrel shaped and thick or thin walled, depending on the genus. |
| Ascocarp | fruiting structure of the sexual reproductive stage with internally formed asci |
| Ascospore | sexual spore produced in a sac-like structure known as an ascus. Commonly there are 4 to 8 ascospores in an ascus. |
| Ascus | a sac like structure that contains ascospores |
| Aseptate | hyphae without cross walls. Characteristic of Zygomycetes. |
| Biseriate | a vesicle in Aspergillus bearing two layers of cells - metulae and phialides |
| Blastoconidium | conidium formed by budding along a hyphae, pseudohyphae, or single cell, as in the yeasts. |
| Chlamydospore | thick-walled somewhat resistant structure formed at end of hyphae (terminal) or in the middle of hyphae (intercalary). Also a vesicle formed by Candida albicans. |
| Clamp connection | small, curved hyphal outgrowth at a septum forms a looped bridge between two adjacent cells. Formed only in Basidiomycetes. |
| Clavate | club-shaped |
| Cleistothecium | round or oval sexual fruiting body without an opening and with asci irregularly dispersed in centre |
| Collarette | flared or straight-sided cell wall remnant at the tip of a phialide or base of a columella |
| Columella | dome-shaped top of a sporangiophore, contained in a sporangium |
| Conidiogenous | structure that produces conidia |
| Conidioma | an asexual, conidium-bearing structure |
| Conidiophore | specialized hyphal structure that serves as a stalk on which conidia are formed |
| Conidium (pl. conidia) | asexual reproductive structure that forms externally on the side or the end of the hyphae or conidiophore |
| Cottony texture | high dense aerial mycelium |
| Dematiaceous | hyphae, conidia, or spores that are brown to black |
| Denticle | small hair-like projection on which a solitary conidium is formed |
| Dichotomous | branching of hyphae into two equal branches that are each equal in diameter to the hyphae from which they originated |
| Dimorphic | having two distinct forms. Usually grow filamentously under environmental conditions and convert to special parasitic form (often yeast) in vivo. |
| Ectothrix | infection around the outside of the hair shaft |
| Endospore | spore produced within the spherule of Coccidioides immitis |
| Endothrix | infection with arthroconidia within the hair shaft |
| Exudate | droplets of liquid on the surface of a colony |
| Favic chandeliers | hyphae terminating in broad irregular branches resembling antlers. Typical of Trichophyton schoenleinii. |
| Faviform | blunt, branched hyphal ends |
| Foot cell | in Aspergillus, a hyphal cell at the conidiophore base. |
| Geophilic | usually recovered from soil, occasionally infect humans and animals |
| Glabrous | smooth; without or almost without aerial hyphae. |
| Globose | round |
| Granular | dense conidia on surface of colony; resembling sugar granules |
| Hulle cell | refractile, thick-walled cell, varying in shape, which occurs in some Aspergillus species |
| Hyaline | not pigmented, colourless. |
| Hyphae | septate or aseptate filament of a fungus; many together compose the mycelium. |
| Intercalary | forming in the middle of a hyphae |
| Metulae | branch upon which a conidiogenous cell is borne; on a vesicle in Aspergillus or terminal branches in Penicillium |
| Microconidium | the smaller of two types of conidia produced by the same fungus |
| Moniliform | hyphae with swellings at regular intervals like a string of beads |
| Muriform | having both transverse and longitudinal septa |
| Nodular bodies | knot of twisted hyphae |
| Onychomycosis | infection of the nails |
| Ostiole | opening in wall of fruiting body through which conidia are released |
| Ovoid | egg-shaped |
| Pectinate | hyphal ends which have protuberances resembling a comb |
| Pedicel | short filament which attaches a conidium to the hyphae |
| Penicillus | brush-like conidiogenous structure with 1-3 levels of branches called metulae and a terminal phialide |
| Perithecium | flask-shaped or rounded fruiting body with opening (ostiole) and asci arranged at base of structure |
| Phialide | flask shapped conidiogenous cell which neither elongates nor enlarges |
| Powdery texture | profusion of conidia on surface of colony; resembles flour |
| Pseudohyphae | chains of cells formed by budding that, when elongated, resemble true hyphae; they differ from true hyphae by being constricted at the septa, forming branches that begin with a septation, and having terminal cells smaller than the other cells. |
| Pycnidium | conidioma in which conidiogenous cells line the interior cavity and are released through an opening or ostiole; formed by Coelomycetes |
| Pyriform | pear-shaped or teardrop-shaped |
| Racquet hyphae | hyphae with club-shaped cells, the larger end of one cell being attached to the smaller end of an adjacent cell. |
| Reflexive branching | branches that grow forward and backward at acute angles to the hyphae |
| Rhizoid | root-like, branched hyphae |
| Rugose topography | colony in which furrows radiate out from the centre |
| Sclerotium | hyphae closely interwoven and cemented together into a hard resistant body |
| Scotch Tape Mount | The scotch tape mount is used for examining the microscopic structures of filamentous fungi. With forceps pick up a piece of clear, transparent tape and touch the surface of the colony. Place the tape onto a drop of mounting media on a slide; add another |
| Septate | having cross walls |
| Sessile | arising from side of hyphae or conidiogenous cell |
| Spherule | large, round structure containing endospores; characteristic of Coccidioides immitis in infected host material under direct microscope examination. Spherules do not grow on routine artificial mycology media. |
| Spiral hyphae | hyphae forming coiled or corkscrew-like turns |
| Sporangiophore | specialized hyphal branch or stalk bearing a sporangium |
| Sporangiospore | asexual spore produced in a sporangium |
| Sporangium | closed sac-like structure in which asexual spores (sporangiospores) are formed. The sporangium is borne on a stalk known as the sporangiophore. |
| Stolon | horizontal, aerial (runner) hyphae which gives rise to rhizoids and sporangiophores |
| Sympodial | a succession of conidia formed on opposite sides of hyphal stalk so that the axis pushes past the terminal conidium to form a zig-zag structure |
| Teleomorph | sexual reproductive stage of a fungus |
| Thallus | fungal colony, mycelium |
| Truncate | conidium with a scar flattened off at the point of attachment |
| Umbonate topography | colony with centre button-shaped elevation |
| Uniseriate | in Aspergillus, a vesicle bearing a single layer of phialides |
| Velvety texture | low aerial mycelium with smooth nap, as in velvet cloth |
| Verrucose topography | colony furrowed or convoluted |
| Verticil | group of conidiogenous cells radiating out from a single point like spokes in a wheel |
| Vesicle | inflated end of a conidiophore or sporangiophore |
| Woolly texture | colony with high aerial mycelium which appears slightly matted |
| Yeast-like colony | soft, pasty, smooth colony; usually without filamentous growth |
| Zoophilic | found primarily in animals, occasionally infect humans |
| Macroconidium | larger of two types of conidia produced by the same organism; usually is multicelled |
