Biochemistry and Cells Vocabulary
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Polar | relating to the poles of a celestial body
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| Cohesion | when particles of the same substance sticks together
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| Adhesion | when particles of different substances sticks together
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| Hydrogen Bond | a weak bond between two molecules
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| Hydroxide Ion | the negatively charged ion OH of any base in a water solution
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| Hydronium Ion | the positively charged ion HO of any acid in a water solution
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| Acid | is when a solution has a greater amount of hydronium ions than hydroxide ones
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| Base | a purine or pyrimidine group in a nucleotide or nucleic acid.
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| pH Scale | a scale that compares the amount of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions.
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| Buffer | solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it.
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| Monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
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| Polymer | a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together
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| Condensation Reaction | a reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, producing a small molecule as a byproduct.
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| ATP | a compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue.
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| Carbohydrate | any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues
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| Monosaccharide | any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.
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| Disaccharide | any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.
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| Polysaccharide | a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.
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| Protein | any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms
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| Amino Acid | a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.
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| Peptide Bond |
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| Polypeptide | a linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of a protein molecule.
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| Enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
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| Substrate | the substance on which an enzyme acts.
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| Active Site | a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
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| Lipid | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
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| Steroid | any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms
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| Nucleic Acid | a complex organic substance present in living cells whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
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| Nucleotide | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group.
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| Cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism
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| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
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| Cytosol | the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended.
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| Prokaryote | a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
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| Eukaryote | an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
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| Organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
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| Cytoskelelton | a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
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| Microtubule | a microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures.
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| Microfilament | a small rodlike structure, about 4–7 nanometers in diameter, present in numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells.
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| Cilium | a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure.
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| Flagellum | a slender threadlike structure
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| Plastid | any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts
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| Organic Compound | any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon
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