Chapt 21 Laboratory Procedures
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| The processes of removing tissue from a patient for microscopic examination is called what? | BIOPSY
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| The following blood collections tubes contain an anticoagulant EXCEPT: Blue - Lavender-Gray-Green-Red | RED- 324 -This collection tube is used to collect serum for chemistry and serology test.
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| A urine specimen that is collected at any time of the day is referred to as:clean catch-random-24 hour-postprandial | RANDOM - Means at any time 324
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| What does CLEAN CATCH MEAN? | A method of collection of urine in which the patient cleans the area of the urinary meatus and collects the urin in midstream
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| What is a 24 hour Collection? | A 24 hour urine is a collection of all urine in a 24 hour period
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| Postprandial urine collection means what? | Means after a meal
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| The clear liquied portion of blood that composes 55% of whole blood is? Serum-Plasma-Hemoglobin-Fibrogen-Thrombin | PLASMA - 324
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| Appropriate locations for collecting capillary blood include the following EXCEPT: Fingertip-Earlobe-Antecubital Space-Heel | Antecubital Space
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| The specimen used to perform a culture test for the presence of tuberculosis is? Sputum-Capillary Blood-Venous-Swab the throat | SPUTUM - 325
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| A blood test used to indicate the level of kidney function is? Sedimentation Rate-CBC-BUN-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Hematocrit | BUN - Blood Urea Nitrogen -Measurement of the amount of nitorgenous substance present in the blood as urea.
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| The solution used to ID fungal infections is? 0.9% sodium chloride-Sodium citrate-PSA-KOH | KOH - Potassium Hydroxide is mixed with skin scrapings and the misture is placed on a microscope slide for analysis. 325
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| A urine test that compares the weight of urine with that of distilled water is? | SPECIFIC GRAVITY
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| What is the proper technique when performing venipuncture? | The bevel of the needle is face up, and the insertion angle is 15* to 30*
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| Proper sites for capillary punctures include the following EXCEPT:Tip of ring finger-heel of infant-tip of index finger-earlobe-tip of middle finger | The best site for a finger puncture is just off the center of the finger pad of the 3rd (middle) or 4th (ring) finger of the hand. The sides and the tip of the finger should be avoided.
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| The normal range of urine PH is? | 5.0-8.0
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| Which of the following is a normal adult WBC count?1000 cells/mm3-7,000 cells.mm3-20,000 cells/mm3-50,000 cells/mm3 | 7,000 cells/mm3 - see pg. 326 for explanation - you should look at it :)
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| What does a urine pregnancy test measure? RPR - VDRL-hCG-HDL | hCG - Is the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone present in blood and urine during pregnancy
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| The color of the stopper of the vacum collection tube used to collect plasma for coagulation studies is? | Blue (Yellow-Red-and black top tubes do not contain any anticoagulant additive)
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| The term used to describe cloudy urine is? Pale - Straw - Transparent - Amber - Turbid | Turbid
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| Which department of the laboratory performs hemoglobin and hematocrit tests? Cytology - Bacteriology-Immunology-Hematology | Hematology - Study of blood of any abnormalities of the blood forming tissue and the quality of the blood cells
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| What is CYTOLOGY? | The department that analyzes cells to determine abnormalities
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| What is IMMUNOLOGY? | Is the study of IMMUNITY and ANTIBODYS/ANTIGENS
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| What is BACTERIOLOGY? | Study of BACTERIA, CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY
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| When whole blood is allowed to clot, the clear portion visible after centrifugation is the? Plasma-Buffy Coat-Serum-Hemoglobin-Fibrinogen | SERUM - Is the clear liquid portion of the blood that contains no blood cells, platelets or fibrinogens
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| Which of the following would be considered a normal finding of urine? Protein-positive,4+ - Clarity-cloudy - Color, straw - Specific Gravity - 1.055 | Color Straw - The color of normal urine is yellow and is typically described as straw colored.
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| T/F The protien content in urine should be negative? | TRUE
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| If a positive protien count is found it could indicate what type of disorder? | Kidney Disorder 328
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| Paracitology includes the study of: Worms-Fungi-Cells-Bacteria-Antibodies | WORMS- It is the study of human parasites (worms and scabies) and ova (eggs).
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| The head of a hospital laboratory is usually a _______? | Pathologist
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| Phlebotomists perform ______ and ______ ? | Venipuncture, Blood Draw
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| Two non hospital locations of medical laboratories are ________ and _______ . | POLS (Physicians office laboratories) and reference laboratories
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| The educational degree of a pathologist is __________ ? | Doctor of Medicine or Osteopathy
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| What is - milli | One Thousandth
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| What is -centi | One Hundredth
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| What is -deci | One Tenth
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| What is micro- | One Millionth
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| The 3 major types of hazards are _____, ____ and ______. | Biohazards - Chemical Hazards - Physical Hazards
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| An example of a physical hazard is _____ ? | FIRE - TORNADO-BOMB-Electrical Dangers
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| And example of a chemical hazard is _____ ? | Acids, Caustics, Flammables and Inhalants
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| What is an appropriate surface disinfectant for use in the laboratory? | 10% solution of 1 part bleach and 9 parts water or 70% alcohol
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| T/F Bloodborne pathogens precautions apply only to patients who are known to have infectious disease: True or False | FALSE
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| Laboratory apparel includes fluid-impermeable laboratory coats and closed toe shoes. True or False | True
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| A slide is initially brought into focus by using the _______ power objective. | LOW POWER
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| Ocular lenses have a magnification of _________ ? | 10x
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| The _________ directs and concentrates light through the slide and into the objective lens. | Condenser
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| The revolving ______ contains the objectives. | Nosepiece
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| The ___________ objective usually has a magnification of 100x | Oil immersion
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| The total magnification is calculated by multiplying the 10x ocular lens by the magnification of the ___________ lens. | Objective Lens
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| The uninterrupted rise or decline from the mean is called what? | TREND
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| The average value of a set of control tests is called what? | MEAN
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| The variability from the mean in a dataset is? | Standard
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| Which of the following substances is observed and counted on low power? Crystals-Casts-yeasts-bacteria | CASTS
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| Which casts are usually found in healthy people? Renal Epithelial casts-WBC Casts-Hyaline Casts-Waxy Casts | Hyaline Casts
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| Triple phosphate cystals resemble? Envelopes-Dumbbells-Rosettes-Coffin Lids | Coffin Lids
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| Which is the most common parasite found in the urine? Candida Albicans-Trichomonas Vaginalis-Enterobious Vermicularis-Escherichia coli | Trichomonas Vaginalis
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| Which of the following tubes is used for Coagulation studies? Lavender-LT Blue-Green-Gray | LT BLUE
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| Which of the following is NOT a formed element in the blood? Platelets - Prothrombin-RBCs-WBCs | Prothrombin
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| The complex liquid in which blood cells are suspended is called what? | Plasma
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| The most numerous blood cells (occupying almost 50% of the blood) | Erythrocytes
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| WBC group made up of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils | Granulocytes
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| The agent that prevents clotting of whole blood? | Anticoagulent
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| The most common anticoagulant used in routine hematology procedures? | EDTA
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| Large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived is called what? | Megakaryocyte
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| What is the definition of RED CELL? | Biconcave Disk
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| Define Neutrophil | A nucleus has 2 to 5 segments and cytoplasm is pink/lavendar with granules
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| Define Eosinophils | Has coarse orange-red granules
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| Define BASOPHILS | Has blue-black granules
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| What are Lymphocytes? | Smallest WBC
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| What are MONOCYTES | Largest WBC
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| What are PLATELET's? | Made of fragments of cytoplasm
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| What are BAND CELLS | Immature Neutrophils
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| Define LEUKOCYTOPENIA | Abnormal decrease of WBCs
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| Define ALL | Sudden cancer of a nongranulocyte
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| Define Mononucleosis | Presence of atypical "REACTIVE" lymphocytes
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| Define CML | Long term cancer of granulocytes in bone marrow
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| Define Leukocytosis | Increase in WBCs (usually from infection)
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| What type of specimen is required for most blood chemistry tests in the POL (think of the waived test)? | Whole blood from a finger stick; serum from a red clot tube or gold SST
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| When plasma glucose is high, what hormone is secreted | Insulin
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| The presence of sugar in the urnie is called? | Glucosuria
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| A type of blood glucose test that requires no special fasting or other preparation is the ? | RANDOM GLUCOSE TEST
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| Define LDL | A lipprotein consisting of protein and cholesterol that ADHERES (STICKS)to blood vessel walls, forming plaque
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| Define HDL | A lipoportein consisting of protein and cholesterol that REMOVES excess cholesterol from blood vessel walls
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| Define GLYCOGEN | The form in which carbohydrates is stored in the body
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| Define hypoglycemia | An abnormally low level of glucose in the blood
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| Define Hyperglycemia | An abnormal increase in the glucose level in the blood
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| Define Lipoprotein | A complex molecule consisting of protein and a fat such as cholesterol
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| What are the 2 main sources of cholesterol in the blood | From the diet (exogenous) and the Liver (Endogenous)
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| What is the purpose of calibrating a blood chemistry analyzer? | To check the instruments optical performance
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| Why is LDL cholesterol referred to as "LOUSY" Cholesterol and HDL referred to as "HEALTHY" cholesterol? | LDL - STICKS to the arteries, causing plaque - HDL REMOVES the plaque
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| What is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis? | Epstein-Bar Virus
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| What is ACTIVE IMMUNITY? | Long term protection against future infections resulting from the production of antibodies that were formed naturally during an infection or artificially by vaccination.
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| What is agglutination? | Clumping together of blood cells or latex beads caused by antibodies adhering to their antigens
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| What is an allergen? | An antigen that causes an allergic reaction
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| What are antigens? | Substances that are perceived as foreign to the body and elicit an antibody response.
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| Define AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. | Destructive tissue diseases caused by antibody/self antigen reactions
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| What are Helper T Cells (TH4 or CD4) | Antigen-activated lymphocytes that stimulate other T cells and help B cells produce their antibodies.
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| Define HISTAMINE? | Compound released by injured cells that cause the dilation of blood vessels
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| Define In Vitro | Within a laboratory appartus
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| Define In Vivo | Within a host or living organism
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