Immune Response Microbiology
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| Activation of the immune response typically begins when | a pathogen enters the body.
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| ingests, processes and displays the antigen fragments on their cell surfaces | macrophages
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| Secretes interleukin-2 | T-helper cells
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| Causes the proliferation of certain cytoxic T cells and b cells | Interleukin-2
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| Capable of recognizing the antigen displayed on the surfaces of infected cells, bind to the infected cells and produce chemicals that kill the infected cell. | T Cells
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| When B cells become activated by T-helper cells, they differentiate into | plasma cells
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| Antibody-producing factories, flooding the bloodstream with antibodies that can bind to the antigen involved in this infection | plasma cells
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| Some of the B cells do not turn into antibody factories, but instead become | memory B cells that may survive for decades.
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| Contains lysozyme and proteases which digest bacteria | lysosomes
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| Phagocytes are not attracted to | lysosomes
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| Lysosomes help to digest material that has been | phagocytized
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| In phagocytosis the digested contents are elimated by | exocytosis
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| A lysosome is an organelle found inside the phagocyte that contains | digestive enzymes
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| The primary infection-fighting blood cells. They are WBC's | Leukocytes
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| Granulocytes | A mature leukocyte, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
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| Neutrophils | An active phagocytic cell in bacterial infection .
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| Basophils | Binds IgE. The granules contain mediators of anaphylaxis and atopy.
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| Eosinophils | A granular leukocyte example
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| Lymphocytes | The second most common form of WBC
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| Macrophages | A WBC derived from a monocyte that leaves the circulation and enters tissues. These cells are important in nonspecific phagocytosis and in regulating, stimulating, and cleaning up after immune responses.
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| Antibodies | A large protein molecule evoked in response to an antigen that interacts specifically with that antigen
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| Humoral immunity | Protective molecules (mostly B lymphocytes) carried in the fluids of the body.
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| Cell-mediated immunity | The type of immune responses brought about by T cells, such as cytotoxic, suppressor, and helper effects.
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| Chemotaxis | The tendency of organisms to move in response to a chemical gradient (toward an attractant or to avoid adverse stimuli).
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| The system of vessels and organs that serve as sites for development of immune cells and immune reactions. | Lymphatic system; includes spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and GALT
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| The butterly-shaped organ near the tip of the sternum that is the site of T-cell maturation. | Thymus
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| GALT means | gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Includes Peyer's patches.
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| Small molecules that are released during inflammation and specific immune reactions that allow communication between the cells of the immune system and facilitate surveillance, recognition and attack. | Chemical mediators
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| A chemical substance produced by wbc's and tissue cells that regulates development, inflammation, and immunity. | Cytokines
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| Purulent refers to a | pus-like condition. This matter is formed by an inflammatory infection. It consists of serum exudate, tissue debris, leukocytes and microorganisms.
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| A type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane actively engulfs large particles or cells into vesicles | Phagocytosis
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| Can regulate a variety of immune reactions. Produced by lymphocytes. It can block viral replication. A naturally occurring polypeptide | Interferon (IFN)
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| In immunology, serum protein components that act in a definite sequence when set in motion either by an antigen-antibody complex or by factors of the alternative pathway. | Complement (system)
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