Nervous system chp12
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| cephal/o | head
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| cerebell/o | cerebellum
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| cerebr/o | cerebrum
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| encephal/o | brain
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| gli/o | glue
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| medull/o | medulla oblongata
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| mening/o | meninges
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| meningi/o | meninges
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| myel/o | spinal cord
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| neur/o | nerve
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| phas/o | speech
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| poli/o | grey matter
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| pont/o | pons
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| radicul/o | nerve root
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| thalam/o | thalamus
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| thec/o | sheath (meninges)
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| ventricul/o | brain ventricle
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| -algesia | pain, sensitivity
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| -esthesia | feeling, sensation
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| -paresis | weakness
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| -phasia | speech
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| -plegia | paralysis
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| -taxia | muscle coordination
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| Olfactory I | smell
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| Optic II | vision
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| Oculomotor III | controls eye movement and pupils
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| Trochlear IV | Controls oblique eye muscles
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| Trigeminal V | Carries sensory facial impulses
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| Abducens VI | turns eye side to side
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| Facial VII | controls facial muscles
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| Vestibulocochlear VII | hearing and equilibrium
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| Glossopharyngeal IX | swallowing
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| Vagus X | supplies most organs in abdominal and thoracic cavities
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| Accessory XI | controls the neck and shoulder muscles
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| Hypoglossal XII | Controls tongue muscles
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| aura | sensations, such as seeing colors or smelling an unusual odor, that occur just prior to an epileptic seizure or migraine headache
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| coma | profound unconsciousness or stupor resulting form an illness or injury
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| conscious | condition of being awake and aware of surroundings
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| convulsion | severe involuntary muscle contractions
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| delirium | abnormal mental state; confusion, disorientation, and agitation
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| focal seizure | localized seizure often affecting one limb
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| hemiparesis | weakness or loss of motion on one side of the body
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| hemiplegia | paralysis on only one side of the body
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| neurology | diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions of the nervous system.
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| palsy | temporary or permanent loss of the ability to control movement
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| paralysis | temporary or permanent loss of function or voluntary movement
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| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower portion of the body and both legs
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| paresthesia | abnormal sensation such as burning or tingling
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| seizure | sudden, uncontrollable onset of symptoms; such as in an epileptic seizure
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| syncope | fainting
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| tremor | involuntary repetitive alternating movement of a part of the body
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| unconscious | condition or state of being unaware of surrounding, with the inability to respond to stimuli
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| absence seizure | last a few seconds; loss of awareness and absence of activity. Also called petit mal seizure
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| Alzheimer's disease | Chronic, organic mental disorder consisting of dementia
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| astrocytoma | tumor of the brain or spinal cord that is composed of astrocytes, one of the types of neuroglial cells
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| Brain tumor | can still be fatal even if it is benign
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| cerebral aneurysm | localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel, usually an artery
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| cerebral contusion | bruising of the brain; longer than 24 hrs unconsciousness, dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size, and shock
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| cerebral palsy (CP) | non progressive brain damage resulting from a defect, trauma, or oxygen deprivation at the time of birth
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| cerebrovascular accidnet (CVA) "Stroke" | development of an infarct due to loss in the blood supply to an area of the brain
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| concussion | brain shaken inside of skull from blow or impact; can result in unconsciousness, vomiting, dizziness, unequal pupil size, and shock; 24hrs
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| epilepsy | recurrent disorder of the brain; seizures and loss of consciousness as result of uncontrolled electrical activity of neurons in the brain
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| hydrocephalus | cerebrospinal fluid within the ventricles of the brain; enlarged head
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| Parkinson's disease | chronic disorder of the nervous system w/ fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity, and a shuffling gait.
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| Reye syndrome | acute encephalopathy and damage to various organs, especially the liver. Affects children under 15 yrs of age who have had a viral infection
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| tonic-clonic seizure "Grand mal seizure" | seizure characterized by a loss of consciousness and convulsions. strong continuous muscle spasms(tonic); rhythmic muscle contraction and relaxation(clonic); Grand mal seizure
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| Transient ischemic atack (TIA) | temporary interference with blood supply to the brain
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| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) "Lou Gehrig's disease" | disease w/ muscle weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of spinal cord.
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| meningocele | congenital condition in which the meninges protrude through an opening in the vertebral column ; Spina bifida
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| myelomeningocele | congenital meninges and spinal cord protrude through an opening in the vertebral column ; Spina bifida
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| poliomyelitis | inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord
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| spina bifida | congenital defect in the walls of the spinal canal in which the laminae of the vertebra do not meet or close
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| spinal cord injury (SCI) | damage to the spinal cord as a result of trauma; bruised or completely severed
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| Bell's palsy | one sided facial paralysis due to inflammation of the facial nerve, viral in nature. can't control salivation, tearing of eyes, or expression
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| Guillain-Barre syndrome | disease of nervous system; nerves lose their myelin covering autoimmune reaction; characterized by loss of sensation and/or muscle control starting in the legs
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| Multiple sclerosis (MS) | inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in which there is extreme weakness and numbness due to loss of myelin insulation from nerves
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| Myasthenia gravis | disease w/ severe muscular weakness and fatigue due to insufficient neurotransmitter at a snyapse
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| shingles | eruption of painful blister on the body along a nerve path. thought to be cause by a herpes zoster virus infection of the nerve root
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| epidural hematoma | mass of blood in the space outside the dura mater of the brain and spinal cord
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| subdural hematoma | mass of blood forming beneath the dura matter if the meninges are torn by trauma; May exert fatal pressure on the brain if the hemotoma is not drained
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| cerebrospinal fluid analysis | examination of the clear, watery, colorless fluid from within the brain and spinal cord. infections and the abnormal presence of blood can be detected in this test
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| Positron emission tomography (PET) | measurement can be taken of oxygen and glucose uptake, cerebral blood flow, and blood volume
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| Babinski reflex | helps determine lesions and abnormalities in the nervous system. Great toe extends instead of flexing; flexion is the normal reflex
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| electroencephalography (EEG) | records electrical activity of brain
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| lumbar puncture (LP) | puncture w/ needle into the lumbar area to withdraw fluid for examination and for injection of anesthesia; also called spinal tap
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| Nerve conduction velocity | measures how fast an impulse travels along a nerve.
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| Nerve block | injection of regional anesthetic to stop the passage of sensory or pain impules along nerve path
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| ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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| ANS | autonomic nervous system
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| CNS | central nervous system
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| CP | cerebral palsy
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| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid
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| CVA (stroke) | cerebrovascular accident
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| CVD | cerebrovascular disease
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| EEG | electroencephalogram, electroencephalography
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| HA | headache
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| ICP | intracranial pressure
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| LP | lumbar puncture
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| MS | multiple sclerosis
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| PET | positron emmission tomography
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| PNS | peripheral nervous system
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| SCI | spinal cord injury
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| TIA | transient ischemic attack
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