4 types of heart murmurs
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| Stenotic murmurs | - occurs when a valve is open;
prevents adequate forward flow through thick, stiff valves;
causes harsh murmurs
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| Regurgitant murmurs | occurs when a valve is closed;
also referred to as insufficiency;
results in backward flow due to poor valve closure;
causes turbulent sound
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| Systolic murmurs | heard in systole after S1;
aortic/pulmonic stenosis - when semilunar valves are open;
mitral/tricuspic insufficiency - when AV valves are closed
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| Diastolic murmurs | heard in diastole after S2;
mitral/tricuspid stenosis - when AV valves are open;
aortic/pulmonic insufficiency - when semilunar valves are closed
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| Causes of murmurs | increased velocity (exercise)
decreased viscosity (thin)
decreased volume )anemia)
defective valves (forward or backward flow)
septal defects (ABN openings betweeen chambers)
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