A&P II Metabolism 2 of 2
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| avitaminosis | A condition caused by the inadequate intake of one or more essential vitamins.
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| lipolysis | The catabolism of lipids as a source of energy.
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| Krebs cycle | The aerobic reaction sequence that occurs in the matrix of mitochondria; organic molecules are broken down, CO2 molecules released, H+ molecules are transferred to coenzymes that deliver them to the elctron transport system. AKA: citric acid cycle/TCA cyc
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| coenzymes | Complex organic cofactors; most are structurally related to vitamins.
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| phosphorylation | The addition of a high-energy phosphate group to a molecule.
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| absorption | The active or passive uptake of gases, fluids, or solutes.
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| malnutrition | An unhealthy state produced by inadequate dietary intake of nutrients, calories, and/or vitamins.
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| glycogen | A polysaccharide that is an important energy reserve; a polymer consisting of a long chain of glucose molecules.
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| FAD - flavin adenine dinucleotide | A coenzyme important in oxidative phosphorylation; cycles between the oxidized (FADH2) and reduced (FAD) states.
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| countercurrent exchange | The diffusion betwen two solutions that travel in opposite directions.
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| metabolic turnover | The continuous breakdown and replacement of organic materials within cells.
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| cytochrome | A pigment component of the electron transport system; a structural relative of heme.
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| vitamin | An essential organic nutrient that functions as a coenzyme in vital enzymatic reactions.
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| intrinsic factor | A glycoprotein, secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach, that faceilitates the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.
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| beta oxidation | Fatty acid catabolism that produces molecules of acetyl-CoA.
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| postabsorptive state | A period that begins 4 hours after a meal; characterized by falling blood glucose concentrations and the movilization of metabolic reserves.
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| transamination | The enzymatic transfer of an amino group from an amino acid to another carbon chain.
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| acetyl group | -CH3C-O
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| oxidation | The loss of electrons or hydrogen atoms or the acceptance of an oxygen atom.
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| amino acids | Organic compounds whose structure can be summarized as R - CHNH2 - COOH.
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| cholesterol. | A steroid component of cell membranes and a substrate for the synthesis of steroid hormones and bile salts
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| acetyl-CoA | An acetyl group bound to coenzyme A, a participant in the anabolic and catabolic pathways for carbohydrates, lipids, and many amino acids.
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| decarboxylation | The removal of a molecule of carbon dioxide.
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| ribonucleic acid | A nucleic acid consisting of a chain of nucleotides that contain the sugar ribose and the nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil.
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| ACTH -adrenocorticotropic hormone | The hormone that stimulates the production and secretion of glucocorticoids by the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex; released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to corticotropin-releasing hormone.
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| anorxia nervosa | an eating disorder marked by a loss of appetite and pronounced weight loss.
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| evaporation | The movement of molecules from the liquid state to the gaseous state.
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| adipose tissue | Loose cpnnective tissue dominated by adipocytes.
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| thermoregulation | Homeostatic maintenance of body temperature.
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| anabolism | The synthesis of complex organic compounds from simpler precursors.
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| metabolism | The sum of all biochemical processes under way within the human body at any moment; includes anabolism and catabolism.
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| TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle | AKA as Kreb's cycle or citric acid cycle.
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| citric acid cycle | AKA Kreb's cycle or TCA cycle
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| FMN-flavin adenine mononucleotide | A coenzyme important in oxidative phosphorylation; cycles between the oxidized (
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| FMN | A coenzyme important in oxidative phosphorylation; cycles between the oxidized (FMNH2) and the reduced (FMN).
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| Reduction | The fain of hydrogen atoms or electrons or the loss of an oxygen molecule.
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