Micro - prokaryotic cells notes
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| Two kinds of structurally different cells have evolved over time | Prokaryotic cells (bacteria) and all other forms of life are eukaryotic cells
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| Eukaryotic cells are distinguished by having a membrane-enclosed _________ | nucleus
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| The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is coiled into a | nucleoid region (but it has no nuclear membrane around it)
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| A _______membrane surrounds the contents of the prokaryotic cell | plasma membrane
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| Outside the plasma membrane is a rigid chemically complex: prokaryotic | cell wall
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| Some prokaryotes have another layer, this sticky outer coat is called | a capsule
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| The capsule | helps glue prokaryotes to surfaces, such as tissues in the human body
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| Some prokaryotes have short surface projections called | pili (plural=pilus)
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| Pili or pilus help | attach prokaryotes to surfaces
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| Longer projections are called | prokaryotic flagella
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| Prokaryotic flagella do what? | Propel the cell through its liquid environment
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| Bacteria cell walls contain a unique material called | peptidoglycan
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| A polymer of sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides. | Peptidoglycan
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| An important step in identifying prokaryotes | determining cell shape by microscopic examination
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| Three most common cell shapes | Spherical: cocci, Rod: Bacilli; spiral or curved: Spirochetes
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| The greek word for a cluster of grapes | staphyle=staphylococci/streptococci
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| occur in clusters | cocci
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| rod-shaped prokaryotes are called | bacilli
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| curved or spiral shaped prokaryotic cells | spirochetes
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| Disease-causing agents are called | Pathogens
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| Two types of disease-causing toxins | exotoxins and endotoxins
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| toxic proteins secreted by bacterial cells | Exotoxins
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| A single gram of this exotoxin could kill a million people | botulism
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| pathogenic exotoxin-producing strain commonly found in cattle, it has emerged as a threat to public health worldwide | E.coli
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| are not cell secretions, but are components of the cell walls of certain bacteria | Endotoxins
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| Are glycolipids, large molecular complexes of polysaccharides and lipids | Endotoxins
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| Ince the same general symptoms: fever, aches, and sometimes a dangerous drop in blood pressure (shock) | Endotoxins
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| An example of an endotoxin that causes food poisoning and typhoid fever | Salmonella
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| The most effective way to to prevent bacterial diseases | Sanitation
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| Can cure most bacterial diseases, but many pathogenic bacteria have evolved resistence to them | Antibiotics
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| A third defense against bacterial disease is | Education i.e. Lyme disease prevention
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| Three defenses against bacterial diseases | Sanitation, antibiotics, education
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