Classifying Algae, Protozoa, Fungi, Molds, Parasites
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| Name the eukaryotic members of the microbial world? | ~ Algae,
Fungi,
Slime molds and water molds,
Protozoa,
Multicellular parasites
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| What are some characteristics of Algae? | ~ simple reproductive systems,
lack vascular systems,
use light energy,
microscopic & macroscopic,
diverse group,
doesn't directly infect humans, produce toxins
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| What are some factors to classify Algae? | ~ not strict classifying, found in fresh/salt water and soil, major producers of oxygen, phytoplankton are a major food source, pioneer organisms
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| What is pyrrophyta-dinoflagellates? | ~ Algae: several produce toxins that cause redtides, or algae blooms in the ocean
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| What is Gymnodinium breve? | ~ Algae: produce breve toxin, which kills fish, rarely kills people, but causes reactions like diarrhea and reduced pulse
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| What is Genus Gonyaulax? | ~ Algae: produces neurotoxins. some of the most non-protein poisons known. accumulate in shellfish tissue and cause death
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| What is Pfiesteria piscida? | ~ Algae: normally nontoxic until fish pass by. a chemical cue causes it to morph into a flagellated zoospore. releases toxin that stun fish and cause skin to slough off
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| What are characteristics of protozoa? | ~ Microscopic, unicellular, lack photosythetic ability, motile at some stage of their lifecycle, found in marine, freshwater, or terrestrial environment
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| Name 4 phylums in the protozoa family? | ~ Sarcomastigophora, Ciliophora, Apicomplexa, Microspora
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| What is Sarcomastigophora? | ~ includes most of the disease causing protozoa
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| What is phylum ciliophora? | ~ the ciliates, organisms that have cilia. Balantidium coli is the only known ciliate to cause human disease
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| What is phylum Apicomplexa? | ~ refered to as sporozoa, cause some of the most serious protozoan diseases in humans. malaria, toxoplasma gondii, crptosporidium parvum
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| What is phylum microspora? | ~ intracellular protozoa that infect immunocompromised humans (microsporidiosis)
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| What are some characteristics of fungi? | ~ large number cause disease in plants, few cause disease in animals
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| What are 5 classifications of fungi? | ~ Zygomycdtes (bread molds), Basidiomycetes (common mushroom), Ascomycetes (food spoilage molds), Deutreromycetes (human patogens), chytridiomycota (simple true fungi)
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| What 4 ways cause fungal disease in humans? | ~ Cause allergic reaction to spores or vegetative cells, react to toxins produced, grow on or in the body (mycoses), destroy human food suply.
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| Name an example of a mycoses fungal disease? | ~ histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, candidiasis
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| What does superficial mean in disease? | ~ affect only hair, skin nails
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| What does intermediate mean in disease? | ~ affects respiratory tract or skin and subcutaneous tissure
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| What does systemic mean in disease? | ~ affects tissues deep in body
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| What are characteristics of slime molds and water molds? | ~ used to be considered types of fungus, divisions of myxomycota & acrasiomycota (acellular or cellular) and oomycota & oomycetes (caused the potato famine in ireland)
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| What are arthropods? | ~ include ticks, fleas, and mites
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| What are some characteristics of arthropods? | ~ acts as vectors for transmitting diseases (mechanical/biological)
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| What is a mechanical vector? | arthropod picks up the material on its body and transmits it
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| What is a biological vector? | ~ essential part of the life cycle, pathogen multiplies within the vector
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| What is arbovirusees? | ~ arthrophod bone viruses.
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| Female mostquitoes need ? for proper development of eggs? | ~ blood
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| How much food can a female mosquito eat? | ~ twice her body weight
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| What causes the alergic reaction to the skin when a mosquito bites? | ~ the saliva injected by needlelike stylets
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| Can mosquito transmit disease? | ~ yes, by picking up infectious agent from host and then takes a 2nd meal from different host
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| How do fleas get around? | ~ they are wingless, so they have powerful hind legs to jump far
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| What 2 things can fleas transmit to humans? | ~ Yersinia pestis and Murine typhis
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| What could happen if you accidently ate a flea? | ~ it's possible to get a tape worm (dipylidium caninum) that way
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| How does lice attack their prey? | ~ by piercing their skin and sucking their blood
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| Pediculas humanus attack how many hosts? | ~ lice only attack humans
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| What can lice transmit? | ~ trench fever, epidemic typhus, and relapsing fever
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| What is the name for crab louse? | ~ phthirus pubis
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| Some ticks produce saliva that causes ? | ~ paralysis
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| The wood tick is a vector for what? | ~ rocky mountain spotted fever
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| What is loxdes scapularis? | ~ a tick that transmits the bacteria that causes lyme disease
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| Where do mites live? | ~ on the surfaces of animals and plants
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| What is the name for scabies? | ~ sarcoptes scabiei (mites)
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| What do dust mites contribute to? | ~ allergies and asthma
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| What disease is transmitted by mouse mites? | ~ rickettsial pox
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| What disease is transmitted by rodent mites? | ~ scrub typhus
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| What are Helminths? | ~ parsitic worms that cause disease by invading the host tissues or robbing the host of nutrients
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| Do helminths attack more than one host? | ~ Yes, some do, having complex life cycles
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| Name some helminths? | ~ nematodes or roundworms, cestodes or tapeworms, trematodes or flukes
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| What is the physical appearance of a nematode in the helminth family? | ~ have cylindrical tapered body, with tubular digestive tract that extends from the mouth to the anus
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| What are the 2 groups that nematodes can be divided into? | ~ one that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract, and ones that are found in the blood and in other tissues
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| What is the cestode's (in the helminths family) physical appearace? | ~ flat, ribbon shaped bodies that are segmented. head, or scolex, has suckers and sometimes hooks
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| What do cestode's absorb directly? | ~ nutrients
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| How are cestodes transmitted to humans? | ~ when food is uncooked or undercooked. also sometimes transmitted by consuming fleas
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| What is the physical appearance of trematodes (in the helminths fmaily)? | ~ bilaterally symmetrical, flat and leaf shaped
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| How do trematodes eat? | ~ they have suckers that hold the organism in place and suck fliuds from host
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| What are some characteristics of trematodes? | ~ they are hemaphroditic (both sex organs) and usually have many hosts
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