exam 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Name the 9 diff, types of heart disease? | Coronary heart disease,congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease ,acute coronary syndrome,angina pectoris, peripheral artery disease,metabolic syndrome cerebrovascular disease (stroke)
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| what is the #1 killer of women of all ages? | Cardiovascular disease
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| what is coronary heart disease?and what can it result in? | Arteriosclerosis-thickening and hardening of artery wall. Can result in mycoardial infarction (heart attack, Embolus/Thrombus
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| What is acute coronary syndrome? | when the heart does not get enough blood flow (heart attack, unstable attack)
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| what is congestive heart failure? | weak heart muscles that cannot perform the pump function with proper vigor. (happens with older people)
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| what is cerebrovascular accident (stroke) | cerebral infarction, when blood vessels to and from the brain become damaged.
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| Name the 3 types of stroke and their causes? | ischemic stroke-most common type and caused by a cerebral thrombus/embolus
hemmorrhagic stroke- caused by ruptured blood vessels, such as an aneurism
Transient Ischemic stroke- warning signs of stroke
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| what are some non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors due to stroke. | NM-advancing age (including menopause) hereditary of family history, biological sex, ethnicity or race
M- smoking, obesity,high cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, unhealthy diet
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| what is metabolic syndrome? | group of conditions that occur together and cause CVD.
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| what are some warning signs of a heart attack? | chest pain or pressure,pain spreading to shoulder, neck, or arm. fainting sweating, nausea
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| what are some warning signs of a stroke? | weakness or numbness of face, arm, leg (especially on one side of body). Confusion loss of speech, trouble understanding speech.
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| why are women such a special case in regards to CVD? | widespread misconceptions, underdetection, women more likely to die of heart attack.
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| what is cancer? | uncontrolled and abnormal growth of cells.
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| what is the 2nd leading cause of death for women overall? | Cancer
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| define tumor | any abnormal growth of cell
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| what is Malignant vs. Benign? | Malignant- cancerous
Benign- not cancerous and does not spread
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| what is metastasis? | spreading throughout the body
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| what are carcinogens? | any cancer causing substances
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| What is the difference from carcinoma and sarcoma? | carcinoma-begins in tissue lines or covers the organ
Sarcoma- originates in the connective tissue(muscle/bone)
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| What is Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Melanoma | Leukemia is cancer in the blood
Lymphoma is in the immune system
Melanoma is skin cancer
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| Cancer Staging- What does the TNM system stand for? | T-size of tumor
N-involvement of nearby lymph nodes
M-metastasis
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| Describe the 4 general stages of cancer | Stage 1-cancer caught earli in situ (localized)
Stage 2 & 3- locally advanced, and/or involvement of lymph nodes
Stage 4- extremely advanced cancer,has spread (metastasized) throughout body.
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| What are the top 3 women deaths from cancer? | Lung, breast, and colon.
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| what is early detection for cancer? | Screening which is secondary prevention.
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| what are some causes of cancer? | growing older, cigarette smoking, diet, viruses, alcohol consumption, genetic, environmental
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| What is the leading cause of cancer death in women? | Lung cancer
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| What is the second leading cancer killer of all women and the first leading cancer killer of African American women? | Breast cancer
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| _ in _ women will develop breast cancer | 1 in 8
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| why are all women at risk for breast cancer? | because the two main risk factors are being a women and aging.
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| What is a lumpectomy and partial or segmental mastectomy? | lumpectomy- when cancerous lumps and small amounts of tissue are removed
partial and segmental mastectomy- removal of some breast tissue and surroundings
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| What is a radical and modified radical mastectomy? | radical- removing breast and other muscles and lymph nodes
modified-removal of the breast only not lymph nodes or wall muslces
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| what are the ABCDE's of skin cancer? | Asymmetry, BBorder, Colour, Diameter, and Evolution
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| What are some skin cancer risk factors? | Lighter natural skin color, blue and green eyes, blonde or red hair,history of sunburns
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| Another name for uterine cancer? | endometrium cancer
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| what is chronic disease? | ongoing, long lasting, reocurring
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| What are the BIG ONE's of chronic diseases? (hint 6 of them) | heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity,arthritis, cancer
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| what are some examples of chronic diseases? | Alzheimer's, MS, Arthritis, Exama
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| what are some disparities in chronic disease for women? | -chronic disease affect women more than women
-lupus afflicts women 9x's more often than men
-hypothyrodism is 50x's more common in women
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| What is Type 1 & 2 diabetes and gestational diabtes? | Type 1-(IDDM)Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus,autoimmune,body attacking itself antibodies destroying insulin.
Type 2-(NIDDM)Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistence it doesnt work well.
Gestational diabetes-2-5% pregnant women
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| explain how diabetes works? | food is turned into glucose (which is the fuel for cells, then insulin takes glucose from bloodstream and gives energy to cells
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| What are some risk factors for diabetes? | having a first degree relative with it, being overweight, hypertension,being African American, Hispanic, American Indians/Alaskan natives
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| What are some symptoms of diabetes? | Type 1-frequent urination, unusual thirst,extreme hunger, unusual weight,extreme fatigue,blurred vision,
Type 2-(same as type1,frequent infections,cuts are bruises that are hard to heal
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| What is osteoporosis? | decrease in bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue
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| What is resorption and formation with osteoporosis? | Rsorption- removes older bone
Formation- replaces with new bone
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| What are Non modifiable and modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis? | NM-being a female Increased age menopausa, small frame, white or Asian
M-diet low in calcium and vitamin D, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking, estrogen deficiency
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| what is Arthritis? | inflammation of joints
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| what are the different types of arthritis? | Osteoarthritis- degenerative joint disease
rheumatoid- chronic inflammatory disease
Gout-excess uric acid in the body
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| what are some modifiable and Nm risk factors for arthritis? | NM- Age, gender, genetics
M-Overweight, obesity,injuries, infection, occupation
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| What are autoimmune diseases? | when the immune system forms antibodies that target healthy tissues and organs, (immune system attacking itself)
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| Define Thyroiditis? | inflammation of the thyroid gland
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| what is Hypothyrodism & Hyperthyrodism? | Hypo-underactive thyroid (Hashimoto's disease)gain weight
Hyper-overactive thyroid (Graves disease)lose weight
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| What is Alzheimer's disease | irreversible, progressive brain disorder, results in memory loss,behavior, and personality changes.
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| Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease? | NM-age,female gender, genetic background, FAD
M-kifestyle,severe or repeated head injuries, lower education levels, environmental agents
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