Heart and Blood Study Sheet
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| 2 Types of lymphotctes | B lymphocytes -> secrete chemical compounds. T lymphocytes -> directly attacking bacteria or canerous cell.
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| AED | Automatic External Defibrillators -> small light weight devices that detect a person's heart rhythem using small electrode pads placed on the torso. Doesn't require training.
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| Aggulutination | Antibodies causing antigens to clump or stick together
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| Angina pectoris | Servere chest pain, resulting when the myocardium is deprived of sufficent oxygen.
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| Aorta | main and largest artery in the body
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| Apex of the heart | blunt point of the heart, where you can hear the heart, sits on the dyhphram, inferer part of the heart.
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| Aplastic anemia | blood disorder characterized by a low red blood cell count, caused by destruction of myeloid tissue into the bone marrow (caused by raditation therapy or toxic chemicals)
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| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of arteries, materials such as lipids accumulate in arterial walls, often becoming hardened via calcification
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| Atherosclerosis | hardening of arteries in which lipids (fat) and other substances build up on the inside wall of blood vessels.
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| Atria | two upper chambers of the heart/ Recieving chamber
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| Basophill (Grandular WBC) | inflammatory response & heparin secrection/ white blood cell that stains readily with basic dyes
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| Blood flow through the heart | Right atrium -> Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular) -> Right ventricle -> Plumonary semilunar valve -> lungs -> Pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> Biscupid/Mitral/Left atrioventricular -> Left ventricle ->aortic semilunar valve -> Aorta -> Body
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| Blood plasma | Liquid (extracellular part of blood or blood minus its formed elements)
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| Blood serum | plasma minus its clotting factors, such as fibrinogen & prothrombin
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| Blood types (type A) | ABO system Type A -> type of antigen (protein) in plasma membrane of you RBC's (red blood cells) that has been present since birth, plasma doesn't contain anti-A antibodies but contains anti-B antibodies
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| Blood types (type B) | Type B -> the RBC's contain type B antigen & the plasma contains anti-A antibodies
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| Blood types (type AB) | Type AB -> the RBC's contain both type A & type B antigens & the plasma contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies
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| Blood types (type O) | Type O -> its RBC's contain neither type A nor type B antigens & its plasma contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
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| Bradycardia | slow heart rhythem-> less than 60 beats per minute
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| Calcium | if normal amount of blood calcium is present, prothrombin activator triggers the next step of clotting by converting prothrombin to thrombin
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| Cardiac tamponade | compressions of the heart caused by fluid buildup in the pericardial spacem as in pericarditis or mechanical damage to the pericardium
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| CHF | Congestive Heart Failure -> left side heart failure
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| Diastole | relaxation of the heart
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| Dysrhythmia | any abnormality of cardiac rhythem
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| Embolus | a blood clot or other substance that is moving in the blood and may block a blood vessel. Find in cordinary artries results in mycoardical infraction
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| Eosinphil (Granular WBC) | defense against parasites & worms/ white blood cell that is readily stained by eosin
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| Erythroblastosi | Rh antibodies reacting with Rh-positive RBC's characterized by massive agglutenation of the blood and resulting in life-threatening cirulatory problems
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| Fibrillation | condition in which individual muscle fibers or small groups of fibers contract asynchronously with other muscle fibers in an organ, producing no effective movement
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| Fibrin | insolubule protein in clotted blood
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| Granulocyte | presence of granules. They are Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils.
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| Heart valve disorders | Incomplete Valves Rheumatic Heart Disease Mitral Valve Prolapse/MVP Stenosed Valves
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| Hermatocrit | volume percent of red blood cells in whole blood
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| Hemoglobin in RBC carries.. | oxygen -> the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the body's cells and it's role in maintenance of acid-bas balance are among the most vital
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| Hemolytic anemia | any of group of blood disorders characterized by deficient or abnormal hemoglobin that causes deformation and fragility of red blood cells
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| Hemorrhagic anemia | group of conditions characterized by low oxygen-carrying capacity of blood; caused by decreased red blood cell (RBC) life span and/or increased rate of RBC destruction
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| Heparin | (PREVENTS CLOTS/ BLOOD THINNER) naturally occuring substance that inhabits formation of a blood clot, used as a drug to inhibit clotting
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| Lymphocyte | one type of white blood cell
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| Mitral valve | heart valve located between the left atrium, causing incompetence of the valve (only 2 cusp)
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| Monocyte | (IN TISSUE) largest type of white blood cell, a type of agranular leukocyte; often involved in phagocytosis of abnormal cells or particles
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| Macrophages | (IN BLOOD) phagocytic cell in immune system
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| Myocardical infarction | heart attack -> (tissue dies, part of the muscle dies) death of cardiac muscle cells resulting from inadequate blood supply as in coronary thrombosis
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| Neutrophil (Grandular WBC) | immune defense (take them in their own bodies and digest them in the process of phagocytosis)
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| Nutrients requirred to manufacture hemoglobin | Iron (Fe)-> essential (gives hemoglobin its oxygen-carrying ability) Vitamin B12 and Folate -> manufactures the amount of hemoglobin to maintain survial
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| P-Wave | occurs with depolatization of the atria
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| Pericarditis | condition in which the pericardium becomes inflamed
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| Pericardium | membrain that surrounds the heart
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| Pernicious anemia | (Deficiency type) results from a dietart deficiency of vitamin B12 or form the failure of stomach lining to produce "instrinsic factor" - the substance allows vitamin B12 to be absorbed
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| Plasma proteins | any of several proteins normally found in the plasma; includes albumins (retain water in blood), globulins(protect against infection), and fibrinogen & prothrombin (helps with blood clotting)
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| Prothrombin | a protein present in normal blood that is required for blood clotting
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| Rh positive | the RBC's of this blood type contain an antigen call Rh factor
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| Rh negative | the RBC's do not have the Rh antigens on their surfaces
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| Semilunar valves | valves located between the 2 ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart,valves found in the veins (kinds are Pulmonary-in & aortic- out) last gate keeper/dub sound valves closing cuz blood flow through ventricles
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| Sickle cell anemia | (hemolytic anemia type) severe, possibly fatal, hereditary disease caused by an abnormal type of hemoglobin
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| Stroke Volume | the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat
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| Superior vena cava | one of two large veins returning deoxygented blood to the right atrium
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| Inferior vena cava | one of two large veins carrying blood into the right atrium
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| Systole | contraction of the heart muscle
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| T-Wave | results from electrical activity generated by repolarization of the ventricles
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| Tachycardia | rapid heart rhythm -> more than 100 beats per minute
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| Thalassemia | (hemolytic type) any group of inherited hemoglobin disorder characterized by production of hypochromic, abnormal red blood cells
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| Thrombocyte | blood cells that play a role in blood clotting, also called platelets
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| Thrombus | stationary blood clot
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| Tissue plasminogen activator/ TPA | (TAKE ONLY IF YOU HAVE A CLOT) naturally occurring substance that activates plasminogen & converts it to the active enzyme plasmin, which in turn dissolve fibrin blood clots
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| Tricusoid valve (right artioventricular valve | the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle (only 3 cusp)
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| Universal donor | blood type O
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| Ventricles | small cavities
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| Caridac output | volume of blood pumped per minute
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| Perocardium | visceral pericardium/epicardium- inner layer partietal pericardium- outter layer(sac)
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| Nongranular WBC | lymphocytes & monocytes
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| Stenosed Valves | are narrower than normal
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| Incomplete valves | leaks allowing blood to flow back into the chamber from which it came
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| Rheumatic heart disease | cardiac damage resulting from a delayed inflammatory response to streptococcay infection (occur most in children)
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| Mitral valve prolapse/MVP | condition affecting the biscupid valve has a genetic basis in some cases but can result from rheumatic fever or other factors
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