ch 14-19
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| diabetes mellitus | a condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin or does not use insulin effectively enough, to regulate the amount of sugar (glucose) in the bloodstream
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| diabetic emergency | a situation in which a person becomes ill because of an imbalance of sugar (glucose) and insulin in the bloodstream
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| epilepsy | a chronic condition characterized by seizures that may vary in type and duration; can usually be controlled by medication
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| fainting | a partial or complete loss of consciousness resulting from a temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain
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| hyperglycemia | a condition in which too much sugar (glucose) is in the blood stream and the insulin level is too low.
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| hypoglycemia | a condition in which too little sugar (glucose) is in the bloodstream and the insulin level in the body is too high.
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| seizure | an irregularity in the brain's electrical activity often marked by loss of consciousness and uncontrollable muscle movement (convulsion)
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| stroke | a disruption of blood flow to part of the brain, which may cause permanent damage to the brain tissue aka cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
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| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | a temporary episode that, like a stroke, is caused by a disruption of blood blow to the brain; sometimes called a mini-stroke.
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| what to do for a victim who faints: | position them on their back and elevate their legs
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| difference between diabetic shock and emergency | if they are conscious, you can give them food or liquid
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| febrile seizure signals | sudden rise in body temp, change in level of consciousness, rhythmic jerking of head an limbs, urinating or defecating, confusion, drowsiness, crying out, becoming rigid, holding the breath, rolling the eyes upward
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| how poison enters the body: | inhalation, ingestion, absorption, and injection
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| the severity of a poison depends on... | 1) amount and type of substance 2) how and where it entered the body 3) the time that elapsed since it entered 4) victim's size, weight, medical condition, and age
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| how to remove bee stinger from skin... | scrape away from skin with finger nail or credit card
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| tetanus concern with what type of bite | humans and animals
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| to care for snake bite (pit viper: rattlesnake, copperhead, or cottonmouth) | keep the injured area lower than than the heart, increase in HR will increase the spread of venom
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| care for sting from jellyfish, sea anemone, or portuguese man-of-war | soak the injured part in vinegar asap
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| care for sting from a stingray, sea urchin, or spiny fish | flush the wound with tap water
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| synergistic effect | the interaction of two or more drugs to produce a certain effect
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| stimulants | drugs that affect the CNS by increasing physical and mental activity
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| hallucinogens- | substances that cause changes in mood, sensation, thought, emotion, and self-awareness
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| depressants- | substances that affect the CNS by decreasing physical and mental activity
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| most widely used and abused substance in the US | alcohol
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| most widely used illicit drug in US | marijuana
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| narcotics | drugs that work on CNS to relief pain
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| designer drugs | variations of other substances, such as narcotics and amphetamines
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| Caring for substance misuse and abuse | follow the same general principles you would for someone with poisoning
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| heat cramps usually affect | the legs and abdomen
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| signals of heat exhaustion | cool, moist, pale, ashen, or flushed skin, headache, nausea, dizziness, weakness, exhaustion, heavy sweating
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| difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke | heat exhaustion in its early stage can usually be reversed with prompt care, heat stroke is a life-threatening condition
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| frosbite | the freezing of body tissues
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| A person with hypothermia needs to be warmed but not too quicklysuch as immersing in warm water because... | rapid warming can cause dangerous heart rhythms
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| care for heat cramps | have the victim rest in a cool place, give cool water to drink, lightly stretch and gently massage the muscle, DO NOT give salt tablets, watch for signals of heat illness
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| care guidelines for sudden illness | do no further harm, monitor breathing and consciousness, help the victim rest in the most comfortable position, keep the victim from getting chilled or overheated. reassure the victim, give any specific care needed
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| signals that precede fainting.. | sweating, vomiting, distortion or dimming of vision, head or abdominal pain
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| which category of drugs causes changes in mood, sensation, thought, emotion and self-awareness, alters perception of time and space | hallucinogens
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| what are possible effects of depressants? | decrease in mental and physical activity, alter consciousness, relieve anxiety and pain, promote sleep, depress respiration, impair coordination and judgement
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| what category of drugs cause pain relief, may produce stupor or euphoria, may cause coma or death and are highly addictive? | narcotics
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| stimulants have what effects? | increase in mental and physical activity, produce temporary feelings of alertness, prevent fatigue, and suppress appetite
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| cannabis products have what effect? | produce feelings of elation, increase appetite, distort perceptions of time and space and impair motor coordination and judgement. may irritate throat, redden eyes, increase pulse, and cause dizziness.
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| rapid or weak pulse, irregular breathing, and changes in level of consciousness are signals of.. | diabetes
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| carbon monoxide/ exposure | is colorless, odorless gas/ exposure to it can cause skin to appear pale or bluish in color
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| anaphylaxis | a severe allergic reaction; a form of shock
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| anaphylactic shock | a severe allergic reaction in which air passages may swell and restrict breathing; a form of shock.
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| T/F a victim of poison should always induce vomitting | FALSE
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