Cells and Body Tissues
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| cells (cyte-) | basic unit of structure; a living factory
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| cell membrane | semipermeable boundary that serves as a doorway to the cell
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| nucleus | control center that contains chromosomes (23 pair: 22 body 1 sex), genes, RNA, and DNA
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| cytoplasm | cell substance that contains organelles (little organs)
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| (cytoplasm)Mitochondria | cell "batteries" that store energy
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| (cytoplasm)Lysosomes(some: body; lyso: dissolve) | carry out digestive functions of the cell
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| (cytoplasm)Golgo apparatus | makes secretions
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| (cytoplasm)Endoplamic reticulum | transport system and protien synthesis
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| (cytoplasm)Cilia (flagella) | hairlike extensions responsible for motility (movement of the cell itself or fluid around the cell)
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| Transport across the cell membrane DIFFUSION (spreading out) | molecules moving to a less concentrated area, as oxygen moving from aveoli in the lungs into capillaries
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| Transport across the cell membrane OSMOSIS | DIFFUSION OF WATER MOLECULESACROSS A SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE TO A CONCENTRATED AREA FOR THE PURPOSE OF DILUTION
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| Transport across the cell membrane FILTRATION | movement of molecules through a filter or a semipermeable membrane as a result of pressure
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| Transport across the cell membrane ACTIVE TRANSPORT | use of energy to move molecules across a membrane to a higher concentration
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| some cells are also capable of | phagocytosis (cell eating) and pinocytosis (cell drinking)
as in the case of white blood cells engulphingbacteria and proximal kidney tubules reabsorbing filtered protiens
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| Cell Division | some cells, such as RBC and nerve cells do not divide or reproduce
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| Body tissues | collection of specialized cells designed for a special function
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| epithelial tissue | lines (cavities and vessel, covers (body and organs), and secretes (glandular)
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| epithelial cells are named by their shape | squamous (simple squamous and stratified squamous), cubodial, columnar
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| simple squamous | covers surface of pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium and lines the blood vessels
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| stratified squamous | skin, lines mouth and esophagus
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| cubodial (epithelial tissue | lines the surface of kidney, tubules and covers ovaries
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| columnar | lines the stomach, intestines, and part of the respiratory tract
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| Body tissue may be | ciliated (contain hairlike cilia designed to move fluid) or non-ciliated
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| Body tissue | regenerates readily and heals quickly
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| Body tissue is | innervated and capable of sensations
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| In surgery body tissue | is generally sutured with absorbable sutures (exception the skin)
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| cancer of the epithelial tissue is | carcinoma (basal cell or squamous cell)
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| two types of body tissue membranes | mucous membranes and serous membranes
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| Mocous Membranes | lines cavities leading to outside, such as GI tract, GU tract, and respiratory tract
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| Serous Membranes | lines enclosed cavities such as the peritoneum (lines abdomen), pericardium (sac that encloses heart) and pleura (lines chest)
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| Connective Tissue | most variable and widespread tissue in the body
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| connective tissue has three functions | Binds, Protects and Supports
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| 6 types of connective tissue | 1. Adipose (fat), 2. Fibrous (fascia), 3. Cartilage (chondra), 4. Bone (osseous tissue)5. Reticular (netlike), 6. Areolar
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| Adipose Tissue (fat) | connective tissue that has a poor blood supply and is generally sutured with absorbable materials
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| Fibrous Tissue (fascia) | tough connective tissue - composes sheaths, covering joints, muscles, meninges (coverings of the brain and spinal cord), synovium (lining of the synovial joints), scar tissue, tendons, and ligaments
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| Cartilage (chondra) | elastic tissue (gristle) that has little blood supply
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| Bone | corticle (compact)and cancellous (spongy
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| Corticle bone (compact) | bone cells arranged in concentric circles around central (haversion) canals; make up shell of bone to provide strength and support and covered by periosteum
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| Cancellous Bone (spongy) | bone contains spaces with red marrow for making blood cells
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| reticular (net like) | blood and lymph tissue
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| areolar | loose connective tissue that fills spaces and helps to hold organs in place
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| 3 types of muscle tissue | 1. skeletal, 2. smooth, 3. cardiac
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| skeletal muscle | striated, voluntary
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| smooth muscle | visceral (found in such organs as blood vessels and bladder), involuntary
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| cardiac muscle | striated, involuntary
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| nerve tissue | most highly specialized tissue
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| nerve tissue is found in | nerves, brain and spinal cord
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| neurons(nerve cells) | basic unit of structure in the nervous system; made up of dendrites, cell body, and axon
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| dendrites | cell extensions that receive nerve impulses
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| axon | extension of the cell that conducts impulses away from the cell body)
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| neuroglia (schwann cells) | non conductive covering of peripheral nerves which provide nutrition and protection, make up the myelin sheath for the neurons and gives nerves a white glistening appearance
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| nerve tissue coordinates and integrates | BODY FUNCTION
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| Body organs | composed of different types of tissues and perform specific functions (liver, heart)
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| Body System | composed of different organs working together to perform specific functions
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