Pathophysiology Urinary lecture notes
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| Two lobes of Pituitary gland | anterior/posterior lobes
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| How many hormones are secreted from Posterior lobe Pit 'gland. What are they? | Two:Oxytosin and ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
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| Function of Oxytosin | Contract smooth muscle
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| Hyper/Hypo dysfunction of Oxytosin | None
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| Examples function Oxytosin | 'Females:labor pains, contract smooth muscle of uterus, Let down of milk for nursing (not production of milk) contracts smooth muscle of mammary glands
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| Function of ADH | Helps body re-absorb more water from kidney tubules (nephrons). specifically Loop of Henley. Can still reabsorb water at the distal
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| Disease of Hypo Secretion of ADH | Diabetes incipitous
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| Normal Urine Output | 1.5L - 2L
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| Diabetes Incipitous urine output | around 30L
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| How does ADH dysfunction affect kidneys? | There is nothing to tell the nephrons to reabsorb more water so it stays in the urine
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| Hypo Secretion of ADH symptoms/effects | Shock, very low blood pressure. Usually tumor on pituitary, if tumor removed, fluid goes back to normal
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| Hyper-secretion ADH | Decrease in urine output
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| ADH hypersecretion symptoms/effects | HTN
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| The anterior pituitary promotes | growth (mitosis). repair, general cell division
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| Children dysfunction of hyper secretion ADH | gigantism, epificial plate has not closed, excessive growth is in length
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| Hyper-secretion of ADH in adults: dysfunction is | Acromegoly
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| Acromegoly caused by | tumor in PosteriorPitutitary
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| Signs of Acromegoly | Thicker longer bones
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| Hypo-secretion ADH in children | Pituitary Dwarfism; if not caught early will cause MR (mental retardation)
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| Growth Hormone is a | protein, can be made in a lab. Children with pituitary dwarfism treated with growth hormone
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| Hormones secreted from Anterior Pituitary: 6 | Prolactin,4 tropic hormones (TSH,ACTH,LH,FSH), growth hormone
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| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone: stimulates the secretion of thyroid hormones
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| ACTH | Adrenocorticotrophic hormone: acts on the adrenal cortex to promote the release of cortisol
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| LH and FSH | gonadotrophins which act on the ovaries and testes. Follicle Stimulating Hormone; LH stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone from the ovary. Males: FSH: stimulates sperm production; LH stimulates testosterone production by the testes.
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| LH | Luteinizing Hormone
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| FSH | Follicular Stimulating Hormone
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| Trophic hormones | act to stimulate secretion of hormone from the target gland and to maintain its function. High concentrations will cause the gland to enlarge.
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| Acts chiefly to cause milk production in the breasts | Prolactin
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| Growth hormone has | widespread effects, necessary for growth and metabolism throughout life
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| "the conductor of the endocrine orchestra" | Pituitary Gland
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| Pituitary gland lies under the | hypothalamus
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| Another name for ADH | Vasopressin
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| Oxytocin and ADH are produced | within nerve cells in the hypothalamus
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| Oxytocin and ADH are released | directly into the bloodstream.
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