gastroenterologe
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| alternate name for the gastrointestinal system | alimentary canal
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| alternative name for the gastrointestinal system.it is also know as the digestive tract. | digestive system
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| the body system that incudes the salivary gland, the oral cavity , the teeth the gums, the palate, and the tongue. (pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, and the accesory organ of the liver. The gall bladder and pancreas. | gastrointestinal system. It's function is to digest food assort the nutrients into the blood and remove indigested material.
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| process of swallowing food | deglutition
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| area of the brain that recieves and interprets taste from the tongue | gustatory cortex
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| process of chewing. This is a part of mechanical digestion. | mastication
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| mucous membrane that lines the gastrointestinal system and produce mucus. | mucosa
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| mouth. Hollow area that contains the hard palate soft palate, uvula, tongue, gums and teeth. | oral cavity
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| the hard bone and posterior soft tissue that form the roof of the mouth | palate
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| throat. the passageway for both food and inhaled and exhaled air. | pharynx
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| three pairs of glands(parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) secretes saliva into mouth. Saliva is a watery substance that contains digestive enzymes amylase. | salivary glands
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| large muscles that fill the oral cavity to assist with eating and talking and contains receptors for the sense of taste | tongue
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| fleshy hanging part of the soft palate. Plays role in speech and swallowing, initiates the gag reflex to prevent food from entering the pharynx before the epiglottis closes over the larynx. | uvula
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| small area where the esophagus enters the stomach | cardia
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| partially digests food, saliva, and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine | chyme
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| flexible, muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach | esophagus
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| rounded, most superior part of the stomach | fundus
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| muscular ring at the distal end of the esophagus it keeps food in the stomach from going back into the esophagus | lower esophageal sphincter
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| muscular ring that keepschyme in the stomach or opens to let chyme into the duodenum | pyloric sphincter
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| narrowing area of the stomach just before it joins the duodenum. It contains the pyloric sphincter | pylorus
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| deep folds in the gastric mucosa that expands and accomodates the food | rugae
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| organ of digestion between the esophagus and the small intestine. Secretes hydrochloric acid, pepsinoge, and gastrin | stomach
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| cardia, fundus, body and pyloris. secretes intinsic factor needed to absorb vitamin B12 | stomach
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| external opening of the rectum. the external anal sphincter is under voluntary control | anus
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| long, thin pouch on the exteriior wall of the cecum. It does not play a role in digestion. It contains lymphatic tissue and is active in the body's immune response | appendix
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| short pouch-like part of the large intestine. The appendix is attached to the cecums internal wall | cecum
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| longest part of the large intestine it consist of the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and S-shaped sigmoid colon. | colon
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| first part of the small intestine. It secretes hormaone cholecystoknin. Digestion takes place there as well as some absorptin of nutrients and water | duodenum
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| pouches in the wall of the large intestine that expands and accomaodates the bulk of undigested material | haustra
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| third part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum of the large intestine. Some digestion takes place there. There is apsorption of nutrients and water through the walls of the ileum and into the blood | ileum
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| second part of the small intestine. Digestion takes place there as well as some apsorption of the nutrients and water through the intestinal walls and into the blood. | jejunum
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| Organ of apsorptin between the small intestine and the anus the large intestine includes the cecum, the colon and the rectum and anus. It is also known as the large bowel | large intestine
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| open channel inside a tubular structure such as the esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine | lumen
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| final part of the large intestine. It is a short, straighht segment that lies between the sigmoid colon and the anus. | rectum
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| organ of digestion between the stomach and the large intestine. The deudenum, jejnum, and ileum are the large intestine are the three parts of the small intestine. aka small bowel | small intestine
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| microscopic projections of the mucosa in the small intestine. They produce digestive enzymes such as lactase to break down sugars. They have a large combined surface area to maximize the apsorption of nutrients nutrients into the blood | villi
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| continous cavity within the abdomenn and pelvis that contains the largest organs(viscera) of the gastrointestinal system | abdominopelvic cavity
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| bitter fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It is releasd into the deudenum to digest the fat in foods, It contains the green pigment billiverdin and the yellow pigment billirubin. | bile
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| bile produced by the liver flows through the hepactic ducts to the commomn hepactic duct. It goes into the common bile duct to the deudenum. When that duct is full it goes into the cystic duct and gallbladder. All of thhese form billary tree | bile ducts
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| part of the abdominal aorta where arteries branch of to take blood to the stomach, small intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas | celiac trunk
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| small dark green sac posterior to the liver that stores and concentrates bile. When stimulate by cholecystokinin from the deudenum, it contracts and releases bile into the common bile duct to the deodenum. | gallbladder
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| largest solid organ in the body. It contains hepatocytes that produce bile. | liver
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| thick sheet of peritoneum that supportss the jejenum and ileum | mesentery
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| broad fatty apron of peritoneum. It supports the stomach and protects the small intestine | omentum
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| triangular organ located posterior to the stomach. It secretes digestive enzymes(amylase, lipase, and other enzymes) into the deodenum | pancreas
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| double layer serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and surrouinds each gastrointestinal organ. It secretes peritoneal fluid to fill the spaces between the organs | peritoneum
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| process by which digested nutrients move through villi of the small intestine and into the blood | apsorption
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| digestive enzyme in saliva that begins digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. It is also secreted by the pancreas to finish digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine | amylase
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| hormones secreted by the deudenum when it receives fatty chyme from the stomach. Cholecystokinin stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to release its digestive enzymes | cholecystokinin
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| process by which undigested materials and water are removed from the body as a bowel movement | defecation
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| process of mechanically and chemically breaking down food into nutrients that can be used by the body | digestion
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| process by which undigested materials and water are eliminated by the body | elimination
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| process in which bile breaks down large fat droplets into smaller droplets | emulsification
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| process that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. Duringchemical digestion, enzymes break the chemical bonds in large food molecules. Enzymes are produced by the salivary glands, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas | enzymes
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| formed, solid waste composed of undigested material, bacteria, and water that is eliminated from the body. aka as stool | feces
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| gas produced by bacteria that inhabit the large intestine | flatus
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| hormone produced by the stomach. It stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen in the stomach | gasttin
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| strong acids produced by the stomach. It breaks down food, kills microorganisms in food, and converts pepsinogen to pepsin | hydrochloric acid
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| digestive enzyme from villi in the small intestine. It breaks down lactose, the sugar in the milk | lactase
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| digestive enzyme secreted by the pancreas. It breaks down fat globules in the deodenum into fatty acids | lipase
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| digestive enzyme in the stomach that breaks down protein foods into large protein molecules | pepsin
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| inactive substance produced by the stomach that is converted by hydrochloric acid to the digestive enzyme pepsin | pepsinogen
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