Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Chpt 18 Endocrine System
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| secretes thyroxine | This is a function of the thyroid gland
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| adenohypophysis | another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary "pitushiary (lol)" gland
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| adrenal cortex | secretes cortisol
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| insulin | hormone secreted by the pancreas
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| parathyroid hormone | hormone that regulates calcium in the blood and bones
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| ACTH | hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete hormones
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| sodium | this is an example of an electrolyte
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| iodine | Is an element that is present in thyroxine
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| estrogen | is a hormone secreted by the ovary and adrenal cortex
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| gonadotropins | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
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| gynecomastia | term for excessive development of mammary tissue in a male
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| kal/i | combining form for potassium
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| diabetes mellitus | insulin deficiency or resistance leads to hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis
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| Cushing syndrome | group of symptoms produced by excess of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
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| myxedema (myx/o-mucus, edema-puffy) | advanced hypothyroidism (underactivity of thyroid gland)in adulthood
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| acromegaly | post-puberty hypersecretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland
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| Graves disease | thyrotoxicosis; hypersecretion of the thyroid gland
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| goiter | enlargement of the thyroid gland
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| exophthalmos | symptom of the endocrine disorder Graves disease
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| tetany | constant muscle contraction
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| natr/o | combining form for the substance sodium
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| little or no insulin produced | characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus
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| secondary complications of diabetes mellitus | Is associated with neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy
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| achondroplasia | defective cartilage formation that affects bone growth
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| thyroid scan | administration of radioactive compound and visualization with a scanner to detect tumors or nodules
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| ACTH | stimulates secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex
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| cortisol | increases blood sugar
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| insulin | helps transport glucose to cells and decreases blood sugar
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| thyroxine | increases metabolism in body cells
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| ADH | stimulates water reabsorption by kidney tubules; decreases urine
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| epinephrine | sympathomimetic; elevates heart rate, blood pressure
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| parathyroid hormone | raises blood calcium
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| aldosterone | increases reabsorption of sodium by kidney tubules
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| estradiol | develops and maintains female sex characteristics
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| testosterone | promotes growth and maintainence of male sex characteristics
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