BC Science 10 Physics vocabulary
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is radioactivity? | The release of high energy particles and rays of energy from a substance as a result of changes in the nuclei of it's atoms
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| What is natural background radiation? | The stream of high energy fast moving particles or waves that is found in our environment.
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| What is radiation? | High energy rays and particles emitted by radioactive sources.
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| What is light? | One form of radiation that is visible to humans.
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| What are isotopes? | Different atoms of a particular element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
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| What is mass number? | An integer that represents the sum of an atoms protons and neutrons.
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| displacement | straight line distance and direction from one point to another - change in position
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| distance | Without direction, describes the length of a path between two points or locations
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| position | vector (with direction) that describes a point relative to a reference point.
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| position-time graph | A graph where you plot time on horizontal axis and position on vertical axis
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| scalars | quantities that describe magnitude but do not include direction
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| slope | (on a graph) refers to whether a line is horizontal (zero slope) or goes up (positive slope) goes down (negative slope) at an angle.
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| uniform motion | travelling in equal displacement in equal time intervals (neither speeding up, slowing down, nor changing direction)
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| vectors | quantities that have both magnitude and a direction
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| average velocity | the rate of change in position for a time interval
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| speed | the distance an object travels during a given time interval divided by the time interval
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| velocity | the displacement of an object during a time interval divided by the time interval
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| acceleration | the rate at which an object changes it's velocity
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| change in velocity | change that occurs when the speed of an object changes, or it's direction of motion changes, or both; calculated by subtracting initial velocity from final velocity
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| deceleration | Acceleration that is opposite to the direction of motion. A decrease in the speed of the object.
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| acceleration due to gravity | Acceleration due to gravity in the absense of air resistance; the value of acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the earth is approx. 9.8 m/s squared downward.
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| air resistance | A friction like force that opposed the motion of objects that move through the air.
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| average acceleration | average rate at which on object changes its velocity; shown by the slope of a velocity time graph
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| constant acceleration | velocity changing at a constant rate
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| gravity | Attractive force between two or more masses; causes objects to be pulled toward the center of earth
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| velocity-time graph | time on x-axis and velocity on y-axis
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| alpha particle | Heavy positively charged atomic particle (same combination of particles as the nucleus of a Helium atom)
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| beta particle | a high speed electron emitted by a radioactive nucleus in beta-decay
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| gamma radiation | rays of high energy, short wave-length radiation emitted from the nuclei of atoms
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| radioactive decay | process in which the nuclei of radioactive parent isotopes emit alpha, beta, or gamma raditation to form decay products
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| daughter isotope | the stable product of radioactive decay
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| decay curve | a curved line on a graph that shows the rate at which radioisotopes decay
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| half-life | Time required for half of the nuclei in a sample of a radioactive isotope to decay
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| parent isotope | the isotope that undergoes radioactive decay
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| radiocarbon dating | determining the age of an object by measuring the amount of carbon-14 remaining in it
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| chain reaction | an ongoing process in which fission reaction initiates the next reaction
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| fission | A nuclear reaction in which a large nucleus breaks apart - creates energy
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| fusion | a process in which two low mass nuclei join together to make a more massive nucleus
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| nuclear equation | A set of symbols that indicates changes in the nuclei of atoms during a nuclear reaction
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| nuclear reaction | the process in which an atoms nucleus changes by gaining or releasing particles or energy
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