Labs 24-26

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.

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Question

Answer

Antimicrobial Agents

chemicals that contol the growth of microbes

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Disinfectants

chemical agents used on inanimate objects to lower levels of microbes on surfaces

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Antiseptics

chemicals used on living tissue to decrease the number of microbes

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Bactericidal Agents

cause bacterial death

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Bacteriostatic Agents

cause temporary inhibition of growth

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American Official Analytical Chemist's use-dilution test

standard method for measuring the effectiveness of a chemical agent

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Conclusion #1: Was your test chemical effective?

Yes, it killed bacteria ( S aureaus)after 5 minutes

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Conclusion #2: Was it more effective than the lab disinfectant?

Yes

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Question #2: Read the label of the preparation you tested. What are the active ingredients?

Pine oil, water, surfactants

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Antibiosis

against life

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Antibiotic

inhibiting substance

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Antimicrobial Drugs

antimicrobial chemicals absorbed or used internally (natural or synthetic)

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Pathogen

disease-causing organism

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Disk-Diffusion Method

a Petri plate containing an agar growth medium is inoculated uniformly over its entire surface. Paper disks with antimicrobial agents on them during incubation the agent will diffuse from disk from high concentration to low.

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Zones of inhibition

measurement of the effectiveness of the agents ability to inhibit bacterial growth

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Kirby-Bauer Test

for agar diffusion methods, uses mudeller-hinton agar which allows antimicrobial agent to diffuse freely

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Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

of an antibiotic is determined by testing for bacterial growth in dilutions of the antibiotic in nutrient broth

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Conclusion #1: Which antimicrobial agents were most effective against each organism?

Tetracycline, Cloramphenicol, Neomycin

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Question #3: Why is the disk-diffusion technique not a perfect indication of how the drug will perform in vivo?

Variables such as effects of serum, the bodies pH and ionic content and oxygen level

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What other factors are considered before using the antimicrobial agent in vivo?

how drug is metabolized and excreted and side effects of drug

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Normal Microbiota

microorganisms that are more or less permanent

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Transient Microbiota

microbes that are present only for days or weeks

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Question #1: What is a surgeon trying to accomplish with a 10-minute scrub with a brush followed by an antiseptic?

to remove the transient and many of the resident microbiota

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Question #2: How do normal microbiota and transient microbiota differ?

Normal are more or less permanent; transient are present only for days or weeks

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Critical Thinking #1: If most of the normal microbiota and transient microbiota aren't harmful, then why must hands be scrubbed before surgery?

To help prevent nosocomial infections

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