Scientists and Physicists
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| Irish, developed a law of gases in which a volume of a gas varies inversely with pressure | Boyle | Known as the father of chemistry, first to seperate chemistry from alchemy, first to define element of the sceptical chymist | Boyle | English, discovered hydrogen and showed that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen | Cavendish
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| English, discovered hydrocloric acid, laughing gas and oxygen and prepared carbon monoxide and amonia | Priestly | Swedish, discovered oxygen, chlorine, molybdenum, manganese, tungsten and other chemical elements and substances | Scheele | Father of modern chemistry, French; wrote the first modern textbook of chemistry, discovered the role of oxygen in combustion and respiration and overthrew Stahl's theory of combustion | Lavoisier
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| First Modern Textbook of Chemistry | Elements of Chemistry | English, discovered the chemical elements sodium, potassium, magnesium, barium, calcium and strontium | Davy | French, pioneered working gases, formulated the law that all gases expand by equal amounts when subjected to equal increments in temperature; first to isolate the element boron | Gay-Lussac
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| Discovered the same law as Gay-Lussac but never published it | Charles | English, Formulated the law of partial pressure in gases, and developed the atomis theory and explained its application | Dalton | Italian, Developed a law of gases which stated that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and the same pressure contain equal amounts of molecules | Avogadro
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| Coined the term molecule and regarded as one of the founders of physical chemistry | Avogadro | English, discovered a mathematical relationship between electricity and the balance of a chemical element. These laws of electrolysis bear his name. A pioneer in the liquificaiton of gases. | Faraday | Russian; Divised the periodic table for elements of chemistry | Mendeleev
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| French; Founder of microbiology, laid the foundation of the germ theory of disease, developed pasteurization, developed a vaccine against rabies, founder of preventive medicine | Pasteur | French; shared the Nobel prize for physics in 1903 with the Curies for the discovery of natural radioactivity | Becquerel | Polish; discovered radium and polonium while working in conjunction with Pierre Curie and Becquerel and shared with them the Nobel prize for physics in 1903 | Marie Curie
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| Won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1911 for the discovery of radium and polonium and isolation and study of radium | Marie Curie | English; developed the theory of the atom, discovered alpha and beta rays and protons, known as the father of nuclear science; won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1908 for work on the disentegration of elements & the chemistry of radioactive substances | Rutherford | Danish; developed the theory of atomic structure | Bohr
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| German; invented the process of producing amonia from nitrogen and hydrogen and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1918 | Haber | German-American; developed the theory of relativity and demonstrated the relationship between matter and energy (e=mc2) | Einstein | Danish; known for his theory on acids and bases | Bronsted
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| English; known for this theory of acids and bases developed independently of Bronsted | Lowry | American; Discovered the positron or anti-electron | Anderson | English; won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1935 for his discovery of the neutron | Chadwick
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| American; invented the cyclotron | Lawrence | German; received the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1944 for the discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei | Hahn | American; shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1951 with McMillan for the discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements, discovered elements 94 - 98, 101 & 102, these discoveries were made with the aid of a cyclotron | Seaborg
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| American; won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond, studied with vitamin C | Pauling | Italian; demonstrated from the leaning tower of Piza that bodies of different weights accelerate uniformly, discovered the law of pendulum, formed the three laws of motion later stated by Newton | Galilei | Wrote discourses concerning two new sciences | Galilei
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| German; invented the first practical mercury thermometer, divised a termperature scale in which melting point is 32 and boiling point is 212 | Fahrenheit | English; determined the specific gravity of hydrogen and carbon dioxide and showed that common air is 4/5 nitrogen and 1/5 oxygen | Cavendish | Inflammable air | Oxygen
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| Fixed air | Carbon Dioxide | Italian; invented the voltaic pile, the electric battery, an electromagnetic unit is named in his honor | Volta | English; developed an atomic theory about the structure of matter | Dalton
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| French; developed principles of electromagnetism using electric currents, a unit of intensity of an electric current is named in his honor | Ampere | Discovered electromagnetic induction | Faraday | French; demonstrated the rotation of earth with a pendulum, built the first gyroscope, proved that the velocity of light is greater than air than in the water, the eddy current is named after him | Foucault
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| English; Formulated a law on the relationship between heat and mechanical energy, a unit of work energy is named after him | Joule | German; discovered electromagnetic radiowaves, a unit of frequency equal to one cycle per second is named after him | Hertz | German; discovered x-rays, won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1901 | Roentgen
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| Known for the temperature at which ferromagnetic substances lose their magnetism | Curies | English; discovered the electron and won the 1906 Nobel Prize for physics for the study of the conduction of electricity through gases | Thomson | German; developed the quantum theory of energy for which he won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918 | Planck
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| German-American; awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize for physics for his work on the photo electric effect, developed a unified field theory | Einstein | Founder of modern quantum theory of matter and modern theory of atomic an molecular structure | Bohr | American; launched the first successful liquid fueled rocket, a space center is named for him in Greenbelt, Maryland; known as the father of modern rocketry and space flight | Goddard
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| Italian; founder of wave mechanics, received a Nobel Prize for physics in 1929 for the discovery of the wavelike nature of electrons | de Broglie | American; won the 1939 Nobel Prize for physics | Lawrence | American; shared the Nobel Prize for physics in 1939 with Hess for their work on cosmic rays | Anderson
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| Italian-American; split the atom in nuclear fission, received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1938 for his experiments in radioactivity, produced the first atomic chain reaction and helped to develop the atomic bomb | Fermi | American; Directed the construction of the first atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project and also known as the Father of the Atomic Bomb | Oppenheimer | Developed the hydrogen bomb, known as the Father of the hydrogen bomb | Teller
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