bio 1 hon ch 15
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| artificial selecton | the selective breeding of organisms selected for certain traits in order to produce offspring having those traits
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| theory of evolution | excess reproduction,variations,inheritance,and the advantages of specific traits in an environment
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| evolution | hereditary changes in groups of living things over time
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| derived traits | new featurs that had not appeared in common ancestors
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| ancestral traits | more primitive characteristics that appeared in common ancestors
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| homologous sturctures | anatomically similiar structures inherited from a common ancestor
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| vestigial structures | reduced forms of functional structures that shared ancestry
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| analogous structures | structures that have the same functions but diff. construction and was not inherited from a common ancestor
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| embryo | organsims early prebirth stage of development
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| biogeography | study of the distribution of plant and animals on earth
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| fitness | measure of a trait's relative contribution to the following generation
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| mimicry | morphological adaptation in which one species evolves to resemble another species for protection or other advantages.
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| hardy weinburg principle | when allelic freq. remain constant
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| genetic drift | any change in allelic freq. in a population that result from chance
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| founder effect | when a small sample of a population settles in a location seperated from the rest of the population
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| bottleneck effect | when a population declines to a very low number and then rebounds.
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| stabalizing selection | the most common form of natural selection. it operates to eliminate extreme expressions of a trait whe the avg. exp. leads to higher fitness.
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| directional selection | a form of selection increases the exp. of the extreme versions of a trait in a population.
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| disruptive selection | a process that splits a population into two groups
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| sexual selection | another type of natural selection in which change in frequency of a trait is based on the ability to attract a mate.
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| allopatric speciatioin | a physical barrier divides one population into two or more populations
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| sympatric speciation | a species evolves into a new species with pout a physical barrier
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| adaptive radiation | can occur in a relatively short time when on species response to the creation of a new habitat or another ecological oppritunity
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| gradualism | traits might remain unchanged for millions of years or the idea that evolution proceeds in small gradual steps
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| punctuated equilibrium | abrupt transitions in the fossil record
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