Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Chpt 11 Cardiovascular System
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| A blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs | Pulmonary artery (this is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood)
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| Contraction phase of the heartbeat | systole
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| Valve which is located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart | mitral valve (aka: bicuspid)
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| sac-like membrane surrounding the heart | pericardium
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| sensitive tissue in the right atrium wall that begins the heartbeat | Sinoatrial Node (SA node)
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| Blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen-rich blood *to the heart muscle* | coronary arteries
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| disease of heart muscle | cardiomyopathy
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein
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| instrument to measure blood pressure | sphygmomanometer (say: sphygmo - man - ometer)
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| local widening of an artery | aneurysm
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| cyanosis (is characterized by) | bluish coloration of the skin (cyan means blue)
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| All of these (listed) are characteristic of ________? 1. Blood is "held back" from an area. 2. Can lead to myocardial infarction 3. Can be caused by thrombotic occulusion of a blood vessel. 4. May be the result of coronary artery disease. | ischemia
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| Angina is... ? | chest pain (relieved with nitroglycerin)
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| Cardiac arrhythmia (is called?) | fibrilliation
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| petechiae | small, pinpoint hemorrhages
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| click-murmur syndrome (is found with?) | mitral valve prolapse (a valvular heart disorder in which one or both mitral valve flaps close incompletely during systole usually producing either a click or murmur)
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| four separate congenital heart defects | tetraology of Fallot (can you name them?)
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| "patent" means...? | open
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| the cause of essential hypertension is | idiopathic (essential/idopathic = unknown origin)
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| "Digitalis" (is a type of ___ used to ___?) | Drug, used to strengthen the heartbeat.
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| CK, LD, and AST (SGOT) are all _______ _______? | serum enzymes
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| describe an ECHO test | high frequency sound waves are transmitted into the chest
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| incision of a vein (although, it's actually a puncture) | phlebotomy (phleb/o = vein, -tomy = incision) A phlebotomy is the letting of blood for transfusion, apheresis, diagnostic testing, or experimental procedures
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| (procedure to) remove plaque from an artery | endarterectomy (surgical removal of the inner layer of an artery when thickened and atheromatous or occluded (as by intimal plaques)
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| A Holter monitor is | An EKG taken during daily activity
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| smallest blood vessel | capillary
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| largest ARTERY in the body | Aorta
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| lower chambers of the heart | ventricle(s)
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| Valve between the RIGHT atrium and RIGHT ventricle | Tricuspid valve
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| Carries blood FROM the lungs TO the heart | Pulmonary vein - the only vein which carries oxygenated blood.
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| Brings blood TO the heart from UPPER parts of the body | SUPERIOR Vena Cava
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| upper chamber of the heart | atrium (atria)
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| Valve between the LEFT atrium and ventricle (is the?) | Mitral Valve (bicuspid)
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| carries blood TO the lungs FROM the heart | Pulmonary Artery (the only artery which carries deoxygenated blood)
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| small artery | arteriole
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| rapid but *regular* atrial or ventricular contractions | flutter
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| (the condition of) improper closure of the valve between the left atrium and ventricle during systole (is called a?) | mitral valve prolapse
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| (disease) blockage of the arteries surrounding the heart - leading to ischemia | CAD - Coronary Artery Disease
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| high blood pressure affecting the heart | hypertensive heart disease
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| congenital narrowing of large artery leading from the heart | coarctation of the Aorta
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| rapid, random, ineffectual, and irregular contractions of the heart | Fibrillation
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| inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood | congestive heart failure
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| congenital malformation involving four separate heart defects | Tetralogy of Fallot
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| (the act of) listening with a stethoscope (is called?) | auscultation (steth/o = chest)
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| lesions that form on heart valves after damage by infection | vegetations
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| petechiae | small, pinpoint hemorrhages
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| high blood pressure DUE TO kidney disease | secondary hypertension ( cause is known)
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| high blood pressure with *idiopathic* etiology (is known as?) | essential hypertension (idiopathic means the cause is not known)
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| local widening of an artery (is called an?) | aneurysm
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| pain, tension, and weakness in a limb after walking has begun | claudication
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| clots that travel to and suddenly block a vessel | emboli (embolism)
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| Describe Tetralogy of Fallot (not on study guide) | 1. Pulmonary Artery Stenosis -----
2. Ventricular septal defect -----
3. Shift of the aorta to the right -----
4. Hypertrophy of the right ventricle.
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