Ch 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Mediastinum | area between lungs containing heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus and trachea
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| sternum | long, flat bone forming center of anterior wall of chest
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| diaphoresis | sweat, perspiration, or sweaty
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| endocardium | connective tissue lining inside of heart
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| myocardium | cardio muscle cells that contract
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| epicardium | outer single layer of cells overlaying a then later of connective tissue
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| pericardium | double-layered connective tissue sac surrounds/protects heart
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| ischemia | lack of blood supply to tissue
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| infraction | sudden blockage or artery
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| infract | area of cell death resulting from infraction
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| coronary circulation | blood vessels supplying the heart muscle
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| aorta | main trunk of systemic arterial system
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| atrium | chamber where blood enters heart on both right and left sides
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| bicuspid | having 2 points (bicuspid heart valve has 2 flaps)
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| -cusp | point
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| interatrial | between atria of heart
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| interventrical (IV) | between ventricles of heart
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| mitral | "turban"; shaped like headdress of Catholic bishop
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| Septum | thin wall dividing 2 cavities
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| tricuspid | having 3 points
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| ventricle | "small belly" chamber of heart (pumps blood) or cavity in brain (produces cerebrospinal fluid)
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| atrial systole | atria contract
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| ventricular diastole | ventricles relax
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| arrhythmia | heart rhythm is abnormal
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| atrioventricular (AV) | pertaining to atrium and ventricle
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| diastole | "dilation" of heart cavities when filling with blood
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| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm
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| murmur | "low voice"; abnormal heart sound when valve opens/closes
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| sinoatrial (SA) node | center of modified cardiamuscle fibers in wall of right atrium that acts as pacemaker for heart rhythm
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| sinum rhythm | normal (optimal) heart rhythm arising from sinoatrial node
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| systole | contraction of heart muscle
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| atrial fibrillation (A Fib) | 2 atria quiver rather than contract correctly to pump blood. Causes blood to pool in atria and may clot
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| Ventricular tachycardia (V-tach) | Rapid heartbeat occurring in ventricles
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| Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) | extra impulses arise from ventricle
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| ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) | Ventricles lose control, quivering, not pumping
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| Heart block | interference in cardiac electrical conduction prevents atria's contractions from coordinating with ventricles contractions
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| Palpitations | rapid/irregular heartbeat brought on by exercise, anxiety, or caffeine
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| automatic external defibrillators (AED) | electric shock stops heart temporarily so normal contraction rhythm can resume
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| implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) | senses abnormal rhythms same as AED
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| cardioversion | defibrillation
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| stenosis | narrowed/constricted
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| incompetence/insufficiency | heart valve cannot fully close; allowing blood to leak or regurgitate
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| mitral valve stenosis | following rheumatic fever. Blood cant flow freely through valve left atrium becomes dilated. Chronic heart failure results.
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| mitral valve prolapse | cusps of valve bulge back into left atrium when left ventricle contracts
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| aortic valve stenosis | common in elderly when valve becomes calcified due to atherosclerosis. Blood flow into systemic circulation diminished--dizzy faint. Left ventricle dilates, hypertrophies, and ultimately fails
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| aortic valve incompetence | left ventricle unable to coupe with excess volume of blood and fails
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| Aortic valve replacement (tissue valves) | tissue valves that can come from a pig or cow human cadaver (dead person), or patient's own pericardium.
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| Endocarditis | inflammation of heart's lining
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| pericarditis | inflammation of covering of heart
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| exudate (pericardial effusion) | leads to life-threatening condition--cardiac tamponade
Fluid passed out of tissue or capillaries as result of inflammation or injury
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| Cardiomegaly | heart enlargement
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| cor pulmonale | right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease
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| coronary thrombosis | platelet clumping occurs on erosclerotic plaque and form blood clot
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| atherosclerosis | arteries hardening
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| occlude | "close"; close, plug,completely obstruct
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| cardiogenic shock | heart fails to pump blood through bodys organs and tissues
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| anoxia | lack of oxygen in body tissues
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| asystole | no heartbeat
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| angina pectoris | pain in chest on exertion is first symptom of reduced oxygen supply to myocardium.
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| circulatory shock | cardiac output is insufficient to meet body's metabolic needs
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| hypovolemic shock | loss of blood volume due to excessive bleeding or dehydration
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| idiopathic | unknown
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| atrial septal defect | hole in interatrial septum
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| venticular septal defect | gap in interventricular septum
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| patent ductus arteriosus | arises from failure of ductus atterious to close within 24 hrs of birth
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| coarctatiaon of aorta | narrowing of aorta shortly after artery to left arm branches from aorta
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| tetralogy of fallot | syndrome in which four congenital heart defects force blood away from lungs
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| lipid profile | determines risk of CAD: total cholestoral, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides
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