Nervous System
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| How does the body respond to a stimulus? | 1. Contract a muscle 2. Glands secrete 3. Initiate cellular reactions 4. Initiate a thought process
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| How does the body respond to a stimulus? | 1. Contract a muscle 2. Glands secrete 3. Initiate a cellular reaction 4. Initiate a thought process
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| What does the CNS consist of? | 1. Brain 2. Spinal Cord 3. Neuroglial Cells
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| What does the PNS consist of? | 1. Cranial Nerves 2. Spinal Nerves 3. Neuroglia Cells
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| How many pairs of Cranial Nerves are there in the CNS? | 12 Pairs
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| How many pairs of Spinal Nerves are there? | 31 Pairs
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| What are the functional divisions of the Nervous System? | 1. Somatic NS 2. Autonomic NS
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| What are the divisions of the ANS? | 1. Parasympathetic 2. Sympathetic
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| In which division of the NS consists of one neuron chain from the CNS to the neuroeffector organ? | the Somatic Nervous System
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| Which division of the NS cosists of a 2 neuron chain from the CNS to the neuroeffector organ? | Autonomic Nervous System
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| What are the functions of the nervous system? | 1. Perceive and respond to stimuli 2. Coordination & Body Control 3. Memory 4. Deductive Reasoning 5. Inductive reasoning 6. Instinctive Behavior
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| Is a motor neuron efferent or afferent? | Efferent
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| Is a Sensory neuron efferent of afferent? | Afferent
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| What is a collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS? | Ganglion
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| What is a collection of neuron cell bodies within the CNS? | Nucleus
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| What is a grouping of nerve fibers that interconnect regions of the CNS? | Tract
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| What is a whitish cord like structure composed of one or more bundles of myelinated nerve fibers and connective tissue that transmits impulses to and from the CNS and the body? | Nerve
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| What is a network or entanglement of nerves? | Plexus
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| What are the basic structures of a neuron? | 1. Cell Body or Soma - contains the nuclues, processing center 2. Dendrite - receiving portion (afferent) contains receptors 3. Axon - transmitting portion (efferent)
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| What portion of the axon is proximal to the body? Distal End? | 1. Axon Hillock 2. Axon Terminus
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| What myelinates nerves of the PNS? | Neurolemmocytes or Schwann Cells
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| What are the neuroglia of the PNS? | 1. Schwann Cells or Neurolemmocytes 2. Satelite Cells or Ganglionic Gliocytes
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| What lines the ventricles of the brain? | Ependymal Cells
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| What myelinates the nerves of the CNS? | Oligodendrocytes
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| What contributes to the formation of the Blood Brain Barrier? | Astrocytes and Tight Junctions
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| What are referred to as Getter Cells | Microglia Cells (Phagocytic)
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| An increase in myelination will decrease the speed of conduction across a nerve, True or False? | False, Increase myelin Increase Speed
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| What is a lipoproteinaceous material composed of regularly alternating membranes of lipid lamellae and protein? | Myelin
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| What gives the white matter of the brain and spinal cord and peripheral nerves their whitish color? | Myelin
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| What is another name for the Nodes of Ranveir? | Neurofibril Node
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| The larger the diameter of the nerve the slower the speed of transmission, True or False? | False, Larger fiber Increased speed of transmission
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| What are the 3 classifications of neurons according to diameter of the axon? | Type A B C
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| Which type of neuron is the largest? | Type A - rapid conducting (Pain)
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| Which is the smallest type of neuron? | Type C - (Visceral Sensory)
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| Which neneuron type is associated with Sympathetic / Parasympathetic fibers? | Type B
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| What are the 3 classifications according to structure? | 1. Pseudouniploar 2. Bipolar 3. Multipolar
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| Which classification of structure is special sensory? | Bipolar
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| Which classification of structure is motor? | Multipolar
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| Which classification of structure is sensory? | Pseudounipolar
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| GSA and GVA are what types of neurons? | Pseudounipolar
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| SSA and SVA are what type of neurons? | Bipolar
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| GSE and GVE are what type of neurons? | Multipolar
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| Are GVA and SVA voluntary or involuntary? | Involuntary - the V stands for Visceral implying autonomic innervation
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| What special senses are involved in SVA? | Smell and Taste
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| What refers to movement or sensations from the whole body? | General Somatic
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| What refers to organs of the body, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands? | General Visceral
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| What refers to sight, hearing and equilibrium? | Special Somatic
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| What refers to smell, taste, and special skeletal muscles (traps and SCM)? | Special Visceral
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| What is another name for SVE? | Branchial Efferent
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| Does the spinal nerves contain SVE? | No just the 4 G's (GSE, GSA, GVE, GVA)
No Special components
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| What are the 4 ways to classify neurons: | 1. According to direction of impulse (afferent vs. efferent) 2. Fiber Daimeter (Type A,B,C) 3. Structure (pseudounipolar, bipolar, multipolar) 4. according to tissue innervated (GSE, GSA, GVA, GVE, SSA, SVA, SVE)
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| Name the 3 connective tissue coverings of a nerve? | 1. Endoneurium - surrounds individual nerve fiber 2. Perineurium - surrounds bundles of nerve fibers 3. epineurium - surrounds entire nerve
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| What ions travel along the nerve fiber to create a stimulus? | Sodium and Potassium
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| What is the transmission of an impulse along an axon or dendrite referred to? | Conductivity
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| Does a nerve impulse travel in one or two directions? | One
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| Polarization exists when there is an ______ ______ present bertween the _______ of the cell and the _______ of the cell. | 1. Electrochemical Gradient 2. Inside 3. Outside
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| Is the inside of the cell negative or positive? | Inside - Negative (Potassium) Outside - Positive (Sodium)
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| What is the all or none response? | When a stimulus of sufficient strength triggers an action potential the nerve fires and the wave of depolarization will travel the length of the neuron without a loss of voltage as it travels
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| What is the internal voltage at which the cell will spontaneously depolarize? | Threshold
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| What is a functional connection between the axon of the presynaptic neuron and the cell membrane of the postsynaptic cell? | Synapse
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| How does the chemical impulse cross the synapse? | Diffusion
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| Where are the synaptic vesicles located? | In the axon terminal
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| What is the gap between the pre and post synaptic cells? | Synaptic Cleft
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| What is the most widespread neurotransmitter? | Ach
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| What enzyme breaks down Ach? | Acetylcholinesterase
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| Name an inhibitory ion that causes hyperpolarization? | Chloride Ions cause the cell to become more negative AKA Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential (IPSP)
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| Name an ion that causes the cell to excitatory? | Sodium Ions cause the cell to become closer to depolarization AKA Excitatory Post Synaptic Potential (EPSP)
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Created by:
Brad Hall
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