BIO201 - Final Review 4 - Q & A's from Online Lessons & Labs - P. Nervous System
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| What organ is involved in micturition (urination)? | Bladder
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| What organ is involved in the Heringt-Breuer reflex? | Lung or lungs
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| What organ is involved in defecation? | Rectum
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| What organ is involved in the cartoid sinus? | Cartoid Artery
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| Which division controls the ciliospinal reflex? | Sympathetic
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| Which division controls the salivary reflex? | Parasympathetic
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| Which division controls the pupilary light reflex? | The parasympathetic division.
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| Name a few somatic reflexes? | Abdominal reflex, Achiles jerk, Corneal reflex, Crossed extensor reflex, gag reflex, patellar & plantar reflex.
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| Name 2 simple stretch reflexes? | Achilles jerk & patellar reflex.
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| Superficial cord reflexes are? | Abdominal reflex & plantar reflex.
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| Autonimic reflexes include? | Ciliospinal reflex & pupillary light reflex
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| 5 essential components of a reflex arc: | Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, & effector.
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| The __ division has more specific control. | Parasympathetic Division
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| "Fight or flight" system. | Sympathetic Division
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| Which division is normally in control? | Parasympathetic Division is normally in control.
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| Which division arises from spinal nerves T1 - L3? | The Sympathetic Division rises from spinal nerves.
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| Which division has short preganglionic axon & long postganglionic axon? | Sympathetic Division - short/long
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| Which division has long preganglionic axon; short postganglionic axon? | Parasympathetic division - long/short
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| Which division secretes acetylcholine; cholinergic fibers? | The parasympathetic division secretes ACh.
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| Which division secretes norepinephrine; adrenergic fibers? | The sympathetic division secretes norepinepherine.
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| A pelvic splanchnic nerve contains: | preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.
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| Name the plexus that serves the head, neck & shoulders. | The cervical plexus
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| Name the nerves serving the leg & foot. | Tibial & common fibular
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| Name two nerves serving anterior forearm muscles. | Median & ulnar
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| Name 2 nerves serving the arm muscles. | Musculocutaneous & radial
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| Name the plexus serving the abdominal wall. | Lumbar Plexus
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| Name the major nerve serving the anterior thigh | Femoral
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| Name the major nerve serving the medial side of the hand. | Ulnar
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| What would happen if the dorsal root of a spinal nerve were damaged? | Loss of sensory function.
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| What would happen if the ventral root of a spinal nerve were damaged? | Loss of motor function
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| Plexuses serve the __ of the body | Limbs or anterior trunk
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| The dorsal rami of the spinal nerves serve the __. | Posterior trunk or posterior body trunk.
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| Will contraction of a muscle occur if the upper motor neurons serving it have been destroyed? | Yes
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| Will contraction of a muscle occur if the lower motor neurons serving it have been destroyed? | No
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| Damage to what would cause uncoordinated movement? | Tectospinal tract, rubrospinal tract, & vestibulospinal tract
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| Damage to what would cause lack of voluntary movement? | Lateral or anterior corticospinal tract
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| What would be damaged if there are trmors, or jerky movements? | Tectospinal tract, rubrospinal tract or vestibulospinal tract.
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| What damage would cause diminished pain perception? | Lateral spinothalamic tract
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| What damage would cause a diminished sense of touch? | Fasciculus gracilis & cuneatus, or anterior spinothalamic tract.
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| Neuron type found in posterior horn | Association
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| Neuron type found in anterior horn | Efferent in anterior horn
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| Neuron type in dorsal root ganglion | Afferent in dorsal root
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| Fiber type in ventral root | Efferent in ventral root
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| Fiber type in dorsal root | Afferent in dorsal root
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| Fiber type in spinal nerve? | Both afferent and efferent
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| Most superior boundary of the spinal cord. | Foramen magnum
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| Meningeal extension beyond the spinal cord terminus | filium terminale
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| spinal cord terminus | conus medullaris
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| collection of spinal nerves traveling in the vertebral canal below the terminus of the spinal cord. | Cauda equina
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| What region of the cerebrum interprets the kind & intensity of stimuli that cause cutaneous sensations? | Somatosensory association area
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| Where is referred pain felt when the elbow is immersed in ice water? | Medial aspect of hand
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| Where would referred pain appear if appendix were in pain? | RLQ of abdominal surface
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| Where is referred pain for kidneys? | Lumbar pain
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| Where is gallbladder referred pain? | Right inferior thorax
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| Which has more numerous receptors? Hot or cold? | Cold
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| Which areas are least sensitive to touch? | Back of calf & neck
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| Which 2 body areas are most sensitive to touch? | Lips & fingertips
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| Which cutaneous receptors are most numerous? | Pain receptors
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| Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the __. | Hypothalamus
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| The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head in the __ nerve. | Vagus
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| The majority of the sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the __. | Thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinepherine.
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| In aging, the autonomic inefficiency is often due to __. | Cloggin of preganglionic axon terminals with filaments.
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| The white rami __. | Carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic chain.
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| In contrast to the somatic nervous system, the autonomic nervous system __. | Has 2 efferent neurons.
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| The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of __. | Sympathetic stimulation
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| If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? | A complete loss of voluntary movement.
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| The circuit level of the somatosensory system involves CNS centers in all of the following except the __. | Cerebral cortex (perceptual level)
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| Which nerve would cause the corner of the mouth to droop & an eye unable to close? | Facial Nerve
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| The peripheral nervous system includes __. | Sensory receptors
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| __ most always takes a nonspecific acending pathway. | Pain
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| Innervates teh superior oblique muscle. | Trochlear (IV)
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| Damage to this nerve would cause dizziness, nausea, and loss of balance. | Vestibulococlear (VIII)
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| Damage to this nerve would cause difficulty in speech. | Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)
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| White matter (myelinated fibers) is found in all of the following locations, with the exception of the __. | Cerebral Cortex - Gray matter
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| Which of the following is/are involved with motor activity (either initiation or coordination)? | Red nuclei
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| Which statement is not true? | Stage 4 sleep increases in old age.
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| Group __ fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction. | C
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| If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon __. | The impulse would spread bidirectionally.
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| Which nerve would connect to a muscle? | Multipolar - motor interneuron
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| Which neuron is a sensory neuron found in a reflex arc? | Bipolar
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| Which neuron is common only in dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord and sensory ganglia of cranial nerves? | Unipolar - dorsal root ganglia
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| Trauma to a nerve of this plexus may cause wrist drop. | brachial plexus - wrist drop
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| Striking the funny bone may cause injury to a nerve of this plexus. | brachial plexus
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| The phrenic nerve branches from this plexus. | cervical plexus
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| The obturator and femoral nerves branch from this plexus. | They form the lumbar plexus.
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| Improper administration of an injection to the buttocks may injure a nerve of this plexus. | sacral plexus - can be injured.
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| Ventral spinal cord roots contain ____ fibers | Motor
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| The perineurium defines the boundary of a ___. | Fascicle
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| ____ is the tingling sensation or numbness when blood has been cut off from an area, as when the foot "goes to sleep." | Ischemia
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| Pain perception is involved in the ____ ascending pathways of the somatosensory system. | Nonspecific
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| ____ ____ are modified free-dendritic endings found int he stratum germinativum. | Merkel Discs
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| Complex motor behaviors such as walking depends on ___ ___ patterns. | Fixed Action
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| _____ _____ is a protective reflex that overrides the spinal pathways and prevents any other reflexes from using them at the same time. | Flexor reflex
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| Helps to regulate blood pressure and digestion & has receptors in nasal cavity epithelium. | Vagus nerve
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| Turns the eyeball laterally. | abducens
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| T/F - External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve. | true - Can result from damage
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| T/F - The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus. | This is false. It branches from the lumbar plexus.
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| T/F - Spinal roots and rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers. | True - both do
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| T/F - The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord. | This is false. Each ramus is mixed.
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| T/F - The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers. | True - Optic nerve
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| The __ nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus. | musculocutaneous
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| In the somatosensory system there are no __-order neurons in the cerebellum. | third
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| In __ inhibition, the stretch stimulus causes the antagonists to relax so that they cannot resist the shortening of the "stretched" muscle caused by the main reflex arc. | reciprocal
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| Which reflex checks the integrity of the spinal cord and dorsal rami at the level of T8 to T12. | Abdominal
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| Which reflex Produces a rapid withdrawal of the body part from a painful stimulus; ipsilateral. | flexor
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| Which reflex Tests both upper and lower motor pathways. The sole of the foot is stimulated with a dull instrument extension. | plantar
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| Which reflex Prevents muscle overstretching and maintains muscle tone. | stretch
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| The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the __ division. | sympathetic
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| T/F - Beta-adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart. | This is false. There are two major classes of adrenergic receptors: alpha and beta, and the heart has both.
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| Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually __ and mediatory. | stimulatory
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| T/F - In contrast to the parasympathetic division, the sympathetic division has numerous ganglionic neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord. | This is false. The sympathetic division has ganglia within a few centimeters of the CNS: alongside vertebral column and anterior to vertebral column; not within the gray matter of the spinal cord itself.
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| T/F - The sympathetic chain is composed of collateral ganglia. | This is false. The chain synapses with collateral ganglia.
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| T/F - The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers. | This is false. The gray rami are unmyelinated, while the white rami are myelinated (giving them their characteristic white color).
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| T/F - The chain ganglion, like the dorsal root ganglion, contains soma from sensory neurons. | This is false. The chain ganglion does not contain soma from sensory neurons.
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| T/F - Splanchnic nerves are mixed motor and sensory nerves. | This is false. Splanchnic nerves are not mixed nerves.
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| The ___ receptor type is used by the heart, and when activated increases heart rate. | Beta-one
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| The __ division causes erection of the penis and clitoris. | parasympathetic division - penis
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| The two cholinergic receptor types are | nicotinic and muscarinic
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