Barrera- IB History Of The Americas
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| Capitalism | Stresses that control of the means of producing goods in society should rest in the hands of those who invest the capital for production. Based on the production of goods and services for exchange rather than use. Adam Smith, 1776
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| Caudillismo | The caudillo tradition is based on the combined principles of loyalty to place and chieftain, honor, and leadership in battle.
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| Communism | Stresses that the control of the means of producing goods in society should rest in the hands of those who invest their labor for production. Social classes don't exist, no governmental structure, abundance, no ruling class. Marx, Engels, 1848
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| Conservativism | Associated with the Catholic church and support the rights of large landholders (hacendados).
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| Economic Democracy | People should have equal access to and say in the distribution of the wealth and resources of a country
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| Electoral Democracy | "to be legitimate, government authority must derive from periodic free, fair, broadly participatory, and genuinely contested elections."
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| Participatory Democracy | People have direct say in policies that affect them without the mediating influence of elected or other governmental officials
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| Representative Democracy | People select others to represent their interests in government rather than having direct influence or say over such decisions.
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| Dependency Theory | "Latin American underdevelopment cannot be understood without reference to the international capitalist system" and is a result of that system
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| Indigenismo | The dominant culture, particularly the elite urban intellectual mestizos. Sought to improve the lives of Indigenous people. People with this ideology were usually non-Indian outsiders, little experience with Indian communities. Jose Carlos Mariategul.
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| Indigenous Peoples | Original inhabitants of the Americas before Europeans. (Indians, Native Americans, American Indians, Amerindians, First peoples, First nations, aboriginal peoples, etc.)
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| Liberalism | Championed individual rights, civil liberties, and private property. In Latin America: opposed the Church's control over society (anti-clericalism) and favored an end to social privileges (fueros) for military and clergy.
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| Mestizo | People resulting from the blending of European, Indian, and African traditions. (Iadinos, cholos)
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| Neocolonialism | Poor, third-world countries which enjoy formal political independence, but continue to remain economically dependent on rich, industrialized countries.
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| Neoliberalism | "The policies of privatization, austerity, and trade liberalization dictated to dependent countries by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank as a condition for approval of investment, loans, and debt relief."
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| Populism | Urban-based, multi-class, non-revolutionary, inconsistent, change with current issue. Juan Peron (Argentina), Getulio Vargas (Brazil), Lazaro Cardenas (Mexico), Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra (Ecuador).
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| Revolution | Change in personnel, structure, and functions of government. Usually involve violence or threat of violence against political elite and/or citizens. Abrupt and significant change in distribution of wealth and social status.
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