CHAPTER 15 ♥
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Antiseptic | a substance that tends to inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.
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| Arteriole | The smallest branch of an artery.
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| Bowman's Capsule | the cup-shaped end of a renal tubule containing a glomerulus; also alled a glomerular capsule.
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| Cortex | the outer layer of a body organ or structure.
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| Cystoscope | an instrument used to view the interior of the bladder.
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| Dialysate | solution that passes through the kidney to remove excess fluids & wastes from the blood; also called "bath".
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| Dialysis | process of removing waste products from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so.
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| Dwell Time | length of time the dialysis solution stays in the peritoneal cavity during peritoneal dialysis.
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| Fossa | hollow or depression, especially on the surface of the end of a bone.
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| Glomerular Filtrate | substances that filter out of the blood through the thin walls of the glomeruli.
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| Glomerulus | ball-shaped collection of very tiny coiled and intertwined capillaries, located in the cortex of the kidney.
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| Hilum | the depression, or pit, of an organ where the vessels and nerves enter.
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| Meatus | opening or tunnel through any part of the body.
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| Medulla | the most internal part of a structure or organ.
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| Micturition | the act of eliminating urine from the bladder; also called voiding or urination.
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| Nephrolith | kidney stone; renal calculus
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| Peritoneum | specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera; the inner lining of the abdominal cavity
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| Peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum.
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| Pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis.
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| Renal Pelvis | the central collecting part of the kidney that narrows into the large upper end of the ureter.
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| Residual Urine | urine that remains in the bladder after urination
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| Toxic | poisonous
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| Turbid | cloudy
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| Uremia | the presence of excessive amounts of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood; also called azotemia.
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| Ureter | one of a pair of tubes that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
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| Urethra | a small tubular structure that drains urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
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| Urinary Incontinence | inability to control urination.
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| Urine | fluid released by the kidneys, transported by the ureters, retained in the bladder, and eliminated through the urethra.
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| Albuminuria | presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of protein, usually albumin.
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| Anuria | the stopping of urine production, or a urinary output of less than 100 ml per day.
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| Bacteriuria | presence of bacteria in the urine.
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| Dysuria | painful urination
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| Fatigue | a state of exhaustion.
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| Frequency | the number of repetitions of any phenomenon.
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| Glycosuria | presence of sugar in the urine
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| Hematuria | presence of blood in the urine
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| Ketonuria | presence of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine.
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| Malaise | vague feeling of bodily weakness or discomfort, often marking the onset of disease or infection.
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| Nocturia | urination, especially excessive, at night
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| Oliguria | secretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to the fluid intake; scanty urine output.
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| Polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| Polyuria | excessive urination
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| Pyuria | presence of an excessive number of white blood cells in the urine; pus in the urine.
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| Urgency | feeling the need to void urine immediately
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| Cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder
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| Glomerulonephritis | inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidneys
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| Hydronephrosis | distension of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney caused by urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the ureter.
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| Polycystic Kidney Disease | hereditary disorder of the kidneys in which grapelike fluid-filled sacs or cysts replace normal kidney tissue
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| Pyelonephritis | bacterial infection of the renal pelvis of the kidney
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| Renal Failure | progressively slow development of kidney failure occurring over a period of years.
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| Vesicoureteral Reflux | abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureter.
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| Hemodialysis | process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood continually shunting the patient's blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering, and then returning the clean blood to the patient's bloodsteam.
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| Catheterization | the introduction of a catheter into a body cavity
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| Cystometrography | exam performed to evaluate bladder tone; measuring bladder pressure during filling and voiding.
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| Cystoscopy | process of viewing the interior of the bladder using a cystoscope
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| Intravenous Pyelogram | excretory urogram. provides visualization of the entire urinary tract: kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
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| KUB | an x-ray of the lower abdomen that defines the size, shape, and location of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
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| Retrograde Pyelogram | small-caliber catheters are passed through a cystoscope into the ureters to visualize the ureters and the renal pelvis.
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| Urinalysis | physical, chemical, or microscopic exam of urine
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| 24-hour Urine Specimen | collection of all of the urine excreted by the person over a 24hr period
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| Voiding Cystourethrogram | x-ray visualization of the bladder and urethra during the voiding process, after the bladder has been filled with a contrast material
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| Clean-Catch Specimen (Midstream Specimen) | used to avoid contamination of the urine specimen from the microorganisms normally present on the external genitalia.
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| First-Voided Specimen | first pee of the morning.
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| Random Specimen | urine specimen that is collected at any time.
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