Ch 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| descriptive | explaining what is
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| normative | explaining what ought to be
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| realism | working with the world as it is and not as we wish it to be; usually focused on power
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| social contract | Theory that individuals join and stay in civil society as if they signed a contract
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| state of nature | humans before civilization
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| civil society | humans after becoming civilized
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| general will | Rousseau's theory of what everybody in a community wants
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| proletariat | Marx's name for the industrial working class
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| bourgeois | middle class
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| superstructure | Marx's term for everything that is built on top of the economy (law, art, politics, etc.)
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| institutions | the formal structures of government, such as the US Congress
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| positivism | Theory that society can be studied scientifically and incrementally improved with the knowledge gained
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| behavioralism | empirical study of actual human behavior rather than abstract or speculative theories
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| thesis | a main idea or claim, to be proved by evidence
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| cynical | untrusting and suspicious, especially of government
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| secular | not connected to religion
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| turnout | percent of eligible who vote in a given election
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| subculture | a minority culture within the mainstream culture
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| mainstream | sharing the average or standard political culture
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| integration | merging subcultures into the mainstream culture
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| marginalized | pushed to the edge of society and the economy, often said of the poor and of subcultures
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| values | deeply held view; key component of political culture
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| social class | a broad layer of society, usually based on income and often labeled lower, middle and upper
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| salience | literally, that which jumps out
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| noneconomic issues | questions relating to patriotism, religion, race, sexuality, and personal choice
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| skewed | a distribution with its peak well to one side
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| survey | a public-opinion poll
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| sample | those persons to be interviewed in a survey, a small fraction of the population
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| volatility | tendency of public opinion to change quickly
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| honeymoon | high support for presidents early in their terms
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| rally event | occurrence that temporarily boosts president's support
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| gender gap | tendency of American women to vote more Democratic than do men
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| subject | one of the three general political cultures; feeling among citizens that they should obey authority but not participate much in politics
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| overt socialization | deliberate government policy to teach culture
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| general public | those citizens that doesn't know or care about much beyond their immediate concerns
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| parochial | one of the three general political cultures; narrow, having little or no interest in politics
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| participant | one of the three general political cultures; interest or willingness in taking part in politics
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| attentive public | those citizens who follow politics, especially national and international affairs
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| socialization | learning of culture
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| incumbent | official who already occupies the office
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| elite media | highly influential newspapers and magazines read by elites and the attentive public
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| mass media | modern means of communication that reach very wide audiences
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| turnout | percent of those eligible to vote
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| constituency | people or district that elects an official
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| franchise | right to vote
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| party ID | long-term voter attachment to a given party
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| class voting | tendency of a given social class to vote for a party that promotes its economic interests
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| voting bloc | group with a marked tendency
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| polarization | opinion fleeing the center to form 2 hostile camps
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| religiosity | depth of religious conviction
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| retrospective voting | voters choosing based on overall incumbent performance
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| face-to-face | communication by personal contact
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| stump | verb, to campaign by personally speaking to audiences
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| introspective | looking within oneself
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| status quo | keeping the present situation
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| oligopoly | market dominated by a few big firms
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| wire service | news agency that sells to all media
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| source | who or where a news reporter gets info from
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| bandwagon | tendency of front-runners to gain additional supporters
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| cross-pressured | pulled between opposing political forces; said to produce apathy
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| adversial | inclined to criticize and oppose, to treat with enmity
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