Final Review
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| Lymph | fluid that resembles plasma
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| Lymphatics | network of lymphatic vessels
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| Pathogens | disease-causing organisms
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| Lymphoid Tissues | lymphoid organs
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| Lymphocytes | supporting phagocytic cells
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| Lymphadema | Blockage of lymphatic drainage
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| Cytotoxic T cells | responsible for cell mediated immunity
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| Helper T cells | stimulates responses of T and B cells
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| Supressor T cells | inhibit T cell and B cell activities
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| Thymus | located just posterior to the sternum
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| Spleen | contains red and white pulp
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| Viruses | non cellular pathogens
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| antigentibody | when antibodies bind to their corresponding antigen
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| Superficial | lymphatics are located in the subcutaneous layer of skin
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| innate | immunity if genetically determined
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| Antibiotics | compounds that kill bacteria without harming the cells of humans or animals
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| Antiviral drugs | inhibit the ability of the virus to invade cells and reproduce
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| Immune system | the body's primary defense agains pathogens
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| Nospecific | prvents pathogens from entering the body
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| Specific | destroys harmful pathogens that enter the body
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| body's first line of defense includes | skin, mucs, sweat, tears
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| Most important nonspecific defense | skin
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| activates B cells | autoimmune disease
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| Lysosome | contained in body secretions, kills bacteria
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| Inflammatory response | nonspecific reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. blood vessels expand, white blood cells leak
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| Phagocytes | engulf and destroy bacteria
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| Fever | elevated body temperature. kills many pathogens and speeds up white blood cell action.
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| Interferon | protein that helps fight viral infections
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| Immune response | series of specific defenses that attack the disease-causing agent
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| Antigen | substance that triggers the immune response
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| Humoral immunity | response to pathogens in body fluids. depends on lymphocytes. involves antibodies and plasma cells
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| Antibody | protein that helps destroy pathogens. it and the clump of viruses attached attract phagocytes. fight viruses and bacteria
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| B cell | produces antibodies
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| T cell | assists plasma cells
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| Plasma cells | specialized b cells
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| Vaccination | an injection of a weakened or mild form of a pathogen to produce immunity. they produce active immunity b/c the body of the recipient has the ability to surmount an immediate active immune response against the infection
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| Allergy | an overreaction of the immune system caused by antigens
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| Asthma | a condition in which smooth msucle contractions reduce the size of air passageways in the lungs and make breathing very difficult. triggered by a particular antigen
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| An autoimmune disease is produced when | the immune system makes a mistake and attacks the body's own cells
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| Rheumatic fever | attacks heart
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| Juvenile-onset diabetes | attacks pancreas cells
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| Multiple sclerosis | myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers.
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| AIDS (Aquired Inmmune Deficiency Syndrome) | type of disease where the immune system is weakened by infection
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| HIV attacks | helper T cells
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| HIV virus | spread by sexual contact, sharing needles, contact with infected blood or other body fluids.
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| Cancer | life threatening, cells multiply uncontrollably and destroy healthy tissue. begins when something goes wrong with the controls that regularly regulate growth/division.
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| Tumor | mass of growing tissue. can be malignant or benign
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| Benign | does not spread
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| Malignant | can invade and destroy surrounding healthy tissue or spread to other parts of body
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| Metastasis | The spread of cancerous tumors beyond their original site.
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| Cancer cells cause illness by | absorbing nutrients needed by other cells, blocking nerve connections, and preventing organs they invade from functioning
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| Genetic defects | may be inherited, caused by viruses, or the result of mutations which can occur spontaneously or be produced by radiation (sun) or chemicals
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| Cancer causing virus | HPV
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