CHAPTER 13 ♥ THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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| Acromegaly | Chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual, noticeable enlargement and elongation of the bones of the face, jaw, & extremities due to over secretion of the pituitary gland after puberty.
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| Adenohypophysis | The anterior pituitary gland.
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| Adenopathy | any disease of a gland, characterized by enlargement.
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| Adrenocortical | pertaining to the cortex of the adrenal glands.
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| Androgen | any steroid hormone that increases male characteristics.
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| Cortex | pertaining to the outer region of an organ or structure.
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| Cretinism | congenital condition caused by lack of thyroid secretion. this condition is characterized by dwarfism
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| Diabetes Insipidus | metabolic disorder characterized by extreme polydipsia (excessive thirst) & polyuria (excessive urination).
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| Endocrinologist | physician who specializes in the medical practice of treating the diseases and disorders of the endocrine system.
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| Estrogen | one of the female hormones that promotes the development of female secondary sex characteristics.
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| Euthyroid | pertaining to a normally functioning thyroid gland.
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| Exophthalmia | abnormal condition characterized by a marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs.
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| Glucagon | hormone that stimulates the liver to convert glycogen into glucose.
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| Glucogenesis | the formation of glycogen from fatty acids and proteins instead of carbohydrates.
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| Glycogenesis | conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage in the liver for later use as needed.
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| Glycosuria | The presence of sugar in the urine.
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| Graves' Disease | hypothyroidism.
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| Growth Hormone | somatotropic hormone.
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| Hypercalcemia | elevated blood calcium level.
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| Hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar level.
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| Hypergonadism | excessive activity of the ovaries or testes.
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| Hyperinsulinism | an excessive amount of insulin in the body.
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| Hyperkalemia | an elevated blood potassium level.
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| Hypernatremia | an elevated blood sodium level.
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| Hyperthyroidism | over activity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves' disease.
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| Hyperparathyroidism | hyperactivity of any of the four parathyroid glands, resulting in an over-secretion of parathyroid hormone.
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| Hyperpituitarism | overactivity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
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| Hypocalcemia | less than normal blood calcium level.
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| Hypoglycemia | less than normal blood sugar level.
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| Hypokalemia | less than normal blood potassium level.
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| Hyponatremia | less than normal blood sodium level.
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| Hypothyroidism | less than normal activity of the thyroid gland.
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| Insulin Shock | a state of shock due to extremely low blood sugar level caused by overdose of insulin.
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| Medulla | the internal part of a structure or organ.
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| Metabolism | the sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place within the body.
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| Myxedema | the most severe form of hypothyroidism in the adult.
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| Oxytocin | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland.
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| Polydipsia | excessive thirst.
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| Polyphagia | excessive eating.
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| Polyuria | excessive urination.
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| Progesterone | female hormone secreted by the ovaries.
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| Somatotropic Hormone | a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that regulates the cellular processes necessary for normal body growth; also called the growth hormone.
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| Syndrome | a group of symptoms occurring together, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality.
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| Tetany | condition characterized by severe cramping and twitching of the muscles and sharp flexion of the wrist & ankle joints; a complication of hypocalcemia.
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| Thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland.
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| Virilism | the development of masculine physical traits in the female (facial hair and body hair, deepening of the voice, & enlargement of the clitoris); also called masculinization.
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| Diabetes Insipidus | condition caused by a deficiency in the secretion of antidiurectic hormone (ADH) by the posterior pituitary gland, characterized by large amounts of urine & sodium being excreted from the body.
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| Dwarfism | Generalized growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone;
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| Gigantism | a proportional overgrowth of the body's tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human growth hormone before puberty.
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| Goiter Simple | hyperplasia of the thyroid gland.
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| Thyroid Storm | acute, sometimes fatal, incident of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in excessive secretion of the thyroid hormone.
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| Addisons' Disease | life-threatening disease process due to failure of the adrenal cortex
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| Cushing's Syndrome | condition of the adrenal gland in which there is a cluster of symptoms occurring as a result of an excessive amount of cortisol or ACTH circulating in the blood.
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| Diabetic Retinopathy | disorder of the blood vessels of the retina of the eye.
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| Gestational Diabetes | disorder in which women who are not diabetic before pregnancy develop diabetes during the pregnancy;
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| Pancreatic Cancer | a life-threatening primary malignant neoplasm typically found in the head of the pancreas.
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| Pancreatitis | an acute or chronic destructive inflammatory condition of the pancreas.
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| Fasting Blood Sugar | blood glucose sample taken usually early in the morning after the person has been without food or drink since midnight.
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| Glucose Tolerance Test | a test that evaluates the person's ability to tolerate a concentrated oral glucose load by measure the glucose levels.
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| Hemoglobin A1C | the hemoglobin A1C test is a blood test that shows the average level of glucose in an individual's blood during the last 3 months.
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| Serum Glucose Tests | measure the amount of glucose in the blood at the time the sample was drawn.
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| Thyroid Function Tests | tests that measure the blood levels of the hormones T3, T4, and TSH.
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| Thyroid Scan | exam that determines the position, size, shape, and physiological function of the thyroid gland through the use of radio-nuclear scanning.
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| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone | test that measures the concentration of TSH in the blood.
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