history stuff- Greece
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| homer | a poet who wrote epic poems. wrote the Odyssey and the Illiad
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| aegean sea | sea off the coast of greece that seperates Greece and Turkey and persia
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| peloponesus | peninsula off of Greece. City states there: Corinth, Micine, Sparta
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| Crete | An island south of Greece. Main city= Knossus.
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| Knossus | main city of Crete. Place where the Labyrinth and Minotaur legends took place
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| King Minos | King of Minoan. Sent random kids to the Minotaur
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| City-State | a self governed city and surrounding areas
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| Democracy | People rule together
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| Oligarchy | dictators. rule by several people
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| Tyrant | a person who took power by force and rules with an iron hand
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| Herodotus | historian called father of modern history. Wrote about the Persian war
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| Oracle | Shrines where messages from the Gods were received
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| Delphi | Ancient city of Apollo in Greece. Has the oracle of Delphi there, which is an oracle dedicated to Apollo.
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| Tragedy | something sad or bad. Has a bad ending because a hero has a tragic flaw that causes his defeat.
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| Sophocles | Wrote Oedipus Rex. (story where Oedipus marries his mother and kills his father)
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| Euripides | Wrote Trojan Women.
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| Marathon | Field at which the battle of Marathon was fought. 26.2 miles from Greece.
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| Phidippides | A Professional runner. The fastest Athenian runner that ran from Marathon to Athens to tell the Athenians they had won the war, and then he died.
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| Thermopylae | A mountain pass on a Greek mainland where the Persians defeated 300 Spartans but then the Spartans defeated them at the island of Salamis.
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| Darius | Father of Xerxes. Persian king. Lost war at Marathon
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| Xerxes | Son of Darius. He led some of the Persian wars.
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| Salamis | Island Athenians fled to while Athens was being burnt after the battle of Thermopylae
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| Pericles | Leader of Athenians (during the Golden Age only). Died of the plague. Some Greek Historian wrote about how Pericles had a powerful voice and wrote/spoke great speeches.
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| An Acropolis | the highest point in a city
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| Parthenon | Temple designated to Athena on top of the Acropolis. Has 46 columns.
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| Thucydides | Greek Historian who wrote about the end of the Peloponesian War
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| Philosophy | the search for the truth and the meanings of life
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| Socrates | A great Philosopher. Used Socratic method to teach and went to trial and drank poison and then died. Plato's teacher. Came first
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| Plato | Socrates student. Wrote books about socrates. Most famous book, The Republic.
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| The Acropolis | A mountain in the center of Athens. Has many temples and buildings on it. Parthenon on it.
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| Aristotle | Plato's student. Wrote about science and literature in books. Was Alexanders teacher and taught him about science and literature.
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| Hellenistic | Greek Like (not pure Greek but Greek like). Time when Alexander the Great spread Greek culture throughout the places he conquered.
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| Pythagoras | made Pythagorean therum= A squared+B squared= C squared. Mathematician.
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| Hippocrates | first doctor to look for the natural causes in diseases and started the Hippocratic Oath about how doctors should never hurt.
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| Hellenic | pure Greek culture
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| Agora | Market square near the Acropolis where men spent most of their time. you could shop, communicate, and be a part of the assembly.
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| Sparta | slave population was much larger than citizens. Slaves built very strong army.
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| Spartan Government | monarchy but with two kings. the assembly could not propose laws only vote for or against them.
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| Helots | people that farmed the citizens land that the citizens were given by the government.
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| Spartan culture | shaped by the military. not considered as "good" as Athens (art wise)
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| Athenian culture | poetry, pottery, sculptures, literature, strong democracy, more... "artsy" than Sparta.
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| spartan boys education | left their homes at seven to go live in barracks with other boys. learned to read and write and they trained a lot. at night, they slept on the floor in light clothes in order to make them tougher and stronger.
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| spartan girls education | also got physical education in order to have strong children. they practiced: discuss throwing, wrestling, and running.
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| Athenian boys education | 7+:Reading, writing, math, poetry, and dance.
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| Athenian girls education | no education; taught crafts and poetry by their mothers and got married at age 15.
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| Metics | guest worker, foreigner.
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