Terms
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| Productivity Paradox | Given the vast number of potential systems and technologies that could be developed or acquired, a strong business case aids the decision making process and helps direct resources in more strategic ways
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| System Effectiveness | Result of the biggest increase in productivity
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| System Efficiency | Accomplishing things faster at lower costs
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| Redistribution | A new type of system may be beneficial for individual firms but not for a particular industry or the economy as a whole
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| Mismanagement | A system is implemented but not managed well
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| Managers use the 3 F's when making a successful business case | Faith,Fear,Fact
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| TCO | Total Cost of Ownership One goal of a cost-benefit analysis
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| Nonrecurring Costs | one-time costs that are not expected to continue after the system is implemented
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| Recurring Costs | Ongoing Costs that occur throughout the life of a system
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| Tangible Costs | Relatively easy to quantify
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| Intangible Costs | Will not easily fit into quantitative analysis but should be accounted for
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| Break-Even Analysis | type of Cost-benefit analysis to identify at what point tangible benefits equal tangible costs
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| Net-Present-Value Analysis | Cost-benefit analysis relevent to cash flow steams associated with the system at the organization's dicount rate
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| Discount Rate | The rate of return used by an organization to compute the present value of futre cash flows
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| Systems Analysis and Design | The process of designing, building, and maintaining information systems
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| Systems Analyst | Performs the process of designing, building, and maintaining information systems
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| Project Manager | Oversees the system analyst and responsible for ensuring that the system is successful
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| SDLC | Systems Development Life Cycle, Describes the lifespan of an information system
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| System Planning and Selection | Formal process mainly to identify, plan, and select a development project from all possible projects that can be performed
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| Systems Analysis | Designers gain a full understanding of the organizations current systems and then decide which new info system will be constructed
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| Pseudocode | Used by systems analysts to express the way in data is transformed
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| Data Flows | Represents the movement of data through an organization or within an info system
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| System Design Elements | Human-Computer interface,Databases and files,Processing and logic
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| HCI | Human-Computer Interface, the point of contact between a system and a user
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| Designing Processing and Logic | Steps and procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information
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| Order of Phases of the Systems Development Life Cycle | Systems Planning and Selection,Systems analysis,Systems Design,Systems Implementation and Operation,Systems Maintnenance
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| Making a Business Case | Refers to the process of identifying, quantifying, and presenting the value provided by a system
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| Weighted Multicriteria Analysis | Method for deciding among different IS investments or when considering alternative designs for a system
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| Proxy Variables | Alternative measures of outcomes when it is not easy to quantify the impact of an investment
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| Patch Management Systems | System that uses the internet to to check for available patchs and/or updates
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| Prototyping | Alternative to SDLC, which uses a trial-and-error approach for discovering how a system should operate
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| Corrective Maintenance | Making changes to an information system to repair flaws in the design, coding, and implementation
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| Adaptive Maintenance | Making changes to accommodate changes in business needs
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| Perfective Maintenance | Making enhancements to improve processing performance or interface
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| Preventive Maintenance | Making changes to a system to reduce the chance of future system failure
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| End-User Development | Individuals within organizations build increasingly complex and useful applications after the system has already been implemented
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| External Acquisition | Purchasing an existing system from an outside vendor such as IBM, HP Enterprise Services, or Accenture
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| RFP | Request For Proposal A document that is used to tell vendors what an organizations requirements are
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| Systems Benchmarking | Used to standardize performance tests to facilitate comparison between systems
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| Shrink-Wrap Licenses | Contract is activated when the shrink wrap on the packaging is removed
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| Click-Wrap Licenses | A license primarily used for downloaded software
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| Enterprise License | License that usually contain limitations of liability and warranty disclaimers
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| Computer Crime | The act of using a computer to commit an illegal act
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| Hackers | Individuals who are knowledgeable enough to gain access to a computer system without authorization
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| Hacktivists | Computer crimminals that attempt to break into systems or deface websites to promote political or idealogical goals
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| Crackers | Individuals who break into computer systems with the intention of doing damage or committing a crime
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| Information Modification | Occurs when someone accesses electronic information and then changes the information
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| Malware | short for "malicious software" Refers to harmful Viruses, Worms, and Trojan horses
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| Virus | Desructive program that disrupts the normal functioning of computer systems
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| Worm | A variation of a Virus that is targeted at networks ultimately denying intenet access to users
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| Trojan Horse | Destructive program like a virus, but does not copy itself
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| Logic Bombs or Time Bombs | Variations of Trojan horses that lie in wait for unsuspecting computer users to perform a triggering operation
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| Zombie Computers | Intruders infect computers located in homes, schools, and business with viruses or worms
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| Spyware | Any software that covertly gathers information about a user through an Intenet connection
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| Adware | Free software paid for by advertisements appearing during the use of the software
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| Spam | Electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings
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| Phishing | Used by spam e-mail to trick financial accounts and credit card holders into giving away their authorization information
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| CAPTCHA | Completely Automated Public Turning Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart
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| Cookies | A message passed to a Web browser on a user's computer by a Web server to be stored as a text file on the computer
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| Cybersquating | Dubious practice of registering a domain name and then trying to sell the name for money to the person, company, or organization that wants it
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| Intellectual Property | Software for patent and copyright laws applied to works used in commerce
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| Patents | Refers to process, machine, or material inventions
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| Copyrights | Refers to creations of the mind such as music, literature, or software
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| Warez | Slang term for stolen software
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| Information System Security | Refers to precautions taken to keep all aspects of information systems safe
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| Risk Analysis | process in which you access the value of the assets being protected
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| Risk Reduction | Active countermeasures to protect your systems
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| Risk Acceptance | Implementing no countermeasures and simply absorbing any damages that occur
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| Risk Transference | Having someone else absorb the risk
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| Biometrics | Sophisticated form of authentication used to govern access to systems, data, and/or facilities
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| Access-Control Software | Special software used to keep stored information secure
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| VPN | Virtual Private Network A network connection that is constructed dynamically within an existing network Also known as a secure tunnel
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| Firewall | A part of a computer system designed to detect intrusion and prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network
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| Encryption | Process of encoding messages before they enter the network to be securley transfered to the intended recipient
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| Secure Sockets Layer | Popular public key encryption method used on the internet, created by Netscape
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| Audit-Control Software | Used to keep track of computer activity so that auditors can spot suspicious activity and take action
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| Backups | Important files saved to external hard drives
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| Cold Backup Site | Empty warehouse with all necessary connections for power and communication
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| Hot Backup Site | Fully equiped backup facility with exact replication of the most current data
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| Mirrored | Everything is stored synchronously on two independent systems
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| Closed-Circuit Television | Systems that monitor for physical intruders such as video cameras
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| Collocation Facilities | Rented space for backup storage for only a few servers
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| Computer Forensics | Use of formal invesitgative techniques to evalute digital information for judicial review
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| Honeypot | A computer, data, or network site that is designed to lure crackers
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| Information System Audit | Helps organizations assess the state of their IS controls to determine necessary changes and to help ensure the information system's availability, confidentiality, and integrity
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| Sarbanes-Oxley Act | Government regulations on the requirement of controls in place to prevent misuse or fraud, controls to detect problem, and effective measures to correct problems
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| Botherder | A criminal that has a botnet residing on a collection of zombie computers
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| Requirements Collection | Process of gathering and organizing information from users, managers, customers, business processes, and documents to understand how an IS should function
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| Developmental Testing | Testing the correctness of individual modules and the integration of multiple modules performed by the programmer
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| Alpha Testing | Testing of overall system to see whether it meets design requirements Performed by Software Tester
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| Beta Testing | Testing of the capabilities of the system in the user enviroment with actual data Performed by actual system users
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| Recovery Time Objectives | Specifies the maximum time allowed to recover from a catastrophic event
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| Recovery Point Objectives | Specifies how current the back data should be
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| 3 Authentication Forms | Something You Have- Ex. Keys,Something You Know- Ex. Password,Something You Are- Ex. Fingerprint
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| Acceptable Use Policies | Policies for people within the organization, with clearly spelled out penalties for noncompliance
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