VETERINARY-Metabolic bone diseases
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| Metabolic bone disease is also referred to as... | ...osteodystrophies
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| Name the 3 categories of metabolic bone disease | 1)Rickets/osteomalacia 2)Fibrous osteodystrophy 3)Osteoporosis
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| What might be the first indication an animal has osteoporosis? | Spontaneous fracture
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| Corticosteroids, GI parasitism, inflammatory bowel disease, and disuse can all be possible causes of osteoporosis. True of False? | True
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| Copper deficiency can cause osteoporosis. True of False? | True
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| How does GI parasitism cause osteoporosis? | Some nematodes may induce phosphorus deficiency or reduce the availability of protein + energy for bone production
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| Inflammatory bowel disease in dogs causes osteoporosis by decreasing the absorption of Ca +/- vitamin D from the gut. True of False | This is a possibility because the true mechanism by which this occurs is not yet fully understood
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| How do corticosteroids cause osteoporosis? | Corticosteroids inhibit osteoblast differentiation and collagen synthesis
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| Describe the 4 main pathological points of osteoporosis. | 1) Bones retain normal shape 2) Trabecular bone depleted first 3) Lesions often most prominent in bones consisting predominantly of cancellous bone (vertebrae) 4) Thin cortices in advanced stages
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| Osteomalacia occurs in young animals whereas rickets usually occurs in older animals. True of False? | False-Rickets usually occurs in younger animals with open physes and osteomalacia is more common in older animals
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| Describe the pathogenesis of rickets/osteomalacia | Defective mineralisation of physeal cartilage at sites of endochondral ossification and of newly formed osteoid
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| Rickets/osteomalacia are caused from a deficiency of vitamin D +/- phosphorus. True or False | True
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| Describe the gross pathology of rickets | 1) Irregular thickening of rapidly growing physes 2) Similar lesions beneath articular cartilage in some cases 3) Enlarged costochondral junctions "rachitic rosary"
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| What developmental joint disease could be mistaken for rickets/osteomalacia? | Osteochondrosis
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| Describe the gross pathology of osteomalacia | 1)Lesions are largely confined to cortical bone 2) Pathological fractures common in advanced cases
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| What is the metabolic bone disease characterised by extensive bone resorption and replacement with fibrous tissue and immature (woven) bone? | Fibrous osteodystrophy
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| Fibrous osteodystrophy is usually caused by either primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. True or False? | True-although primary hyperparathyroidism is rare in dogs
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| Name the 2 categories of secondary hyperparathyroidism | 1) Renal 2) Nutritional
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| Describe the pathology of fibrous osteodystrophy | 1)Prolonged bone resorption + replacement fibrosis leads to swelling + weakening of affected bones 2) Skull bones may be swollen 3) Subchondral bone in major limb joints may collapse 4)Physes are of normal thickness (unlike rickets + osteochondrosis)
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| Fibrous osteodystrophy can cause 'rubber jaw' in dogs. True or False? | True
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