Histology 1
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| Type VII Collagen Locations | Anchoring fibrils of skin, eye, uterus, and esophagus
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| Type VII collagen functions | secures basal lamina to CT Fibers
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| Type V collagen locations | Distrubuted in CT stroma, surface of Type 1 fibers
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| Type V collagen functions | modulate biomechanical properties of type 1 fibrils
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| Type IV collagen locations | basal lamina of epithelium, kidney glomerlui, lens capsule
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| Type IV collagen functions | filtration and support barrier
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| Type III collagen locations | loose connective tissue, organs, smooth muscle, endothelium, blood vessels, fetal skin
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| Type III collagen functions | forms reticular fibers, provides support scaffolding for specialized cells of organs and blood vessels
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| Type II collagen locations | cartilage(hyaline and elastic) notochord, intervertebral disc
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| Type II collagen functions | resistance to intermittant pressure
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| Type I collagen locations | CT of skin, bone, tendons, ligaments, sclera, fascia, organ capillaries
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| Type I collagen functions | provides resistance to force, tension and stretch
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| Elastic cartilage ECM components | Type II collagen, elastic fibers, aggrecan
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| Elastic cartilage function | Provides flexible support
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| Elastic cartilage characteristics | Has perichondrium, does not undergo calcification, has chondrocytes and blasts
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| Fibrocartilage locations | Intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, articular discs, TMJ, mensci, insertion of tendons
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| Fibrocartilage characteristics | resists deformation, no perichondrium, undergoes calcification during bone repair
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| Fibrocartilage ECM | chondrocytes, fibroblasts, type II collagen, versican, proteoglycan
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| Hyaline cartilage GS | chondrotin sulfate, keratin sulfate, hylauronic acid, H2O
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| Hyaline capsular matrix consists of | Type VI and IX collagen
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| Bone function | support of soft tissue, protection, movement, mineral storage of calcium and phosphate ions, hemopoesis, energy storage
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| Perichondrium | Dense CT layer, source of new cartilage cells, inner cellular layer, outer fibrous layer
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| Appositional growth of cartilage | forms new cartilage at the surface of existing cartilage, inner portion of perichondrium
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| Interstitual growth of cartilage | division of chondrocytes in lacunae, forms new cartilage within existing cartilage mass
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| CT proper | Dense regular and irregular connective loose connective tissues
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| Adipocytes | cells found in adipose tissue, receptors for hormones, secrete hormone leptin
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| Plasma cells | differentiated B-lymphoytes, antibody producing cells, limited migratory capabilites, 10-30 day life span
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| Nk cells | form of T lymphocyte, destroys viral cells and some tumor cells, not antigen specific
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| B lymphocytes | Mature in bone marrow or GI tract, antigen recognizing cells, antibody mediated immunity
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| T lymphocytes | migrate to thymus to mature- cell mediated immunity long life span
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| lymphocyte | T cells, B cells, NK cells
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| macrophages | dervied from moncytes, indented nucleus, also called histocytes, can be wandering or resident, might have psedopodia
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| degranulation | antibody-antigen reaction at surface of cell causes.
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| Mast cell secretions | Histamine, heparin, leukotrienes, serine proteases, eosinophilic chemotactic factor
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| Histamine | increases permabilty of capillaries
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| Heparin | sulfated GAG, anticoagulant
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| Leukotriene | modified lipid, produces prolonged constriction of airway
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| Eosinophilic chemotactic Factor | attracts neutrophils and eosinophils to inflammation site
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| Trypase | Serine protease, mast cell marker
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| Chymase | Serine protease- generates angiotension II to vascular tissue injury
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| Mast cells | Found in CT, release histamine and other immune response factors, not derived from basophils, have the same stem cells as basophils
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| reticular cells | Found in lymphatic tissue, forms 3D network of cells, phagocytic, produces reticular fibers
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| Reticulum | 3D network of reticular fibers
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| Pericytes | adult mesenchymal stem cells, also called adventita or pericvascular cells. found in capillaries and venules, can diferentiate into smooth muscle and other types of cells
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| Mesenchymal cells | stem cells associated with blood vessels - star shaped found in CT
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| myofibroblast | makes contractile fibers, can contract, in granulation tissue, helps in wound closure, spindle shaped.
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| Fibrocyte | mature fibroblast, done laying down new fibers, found in dense CT, has lg processes, uninucleate, syntheses protein for ECM maintanance
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| Fibroblast | Most abundant CT cell, found in loose CT, forms fibers maintains ECM, lg round nucleus
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| cells of CT | mast cell, fibroblast, fibrocyte, plasma cell, macrophage, adipose, mesenchymal stem cells, myofibroblasts
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| Formation of Elastic tissue | Elastin synthesized by fibroblasts, tropoelastin polymerizes into elastin
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| Elastic Fiber components | elastin proteins, elastin core with microfibril cortex
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| Reticular Fiber components | Type III collagen, netlike patterns
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| Reticular Fiber functions | immune system - lymph nodes, provide support framework for cellular components
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| step 1 of collagen fibril formation | Uptake of amino acid by endocytosis
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| Step 2 of collagen formation | Formation of mRNA
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| Step 3 of collagen formation | synthesis of alpha chains by ribosomes
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| step 4 of collagen formation | hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues with Vitamin C and cleavage of signal sequence of rER
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| Step 5 of collagen formation | glycosylation of specific hydroxylysyl residues in rER
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| Step 6 of collagen formation | formation of procollagen triple helix in rER
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| step 7 of collagen formation | packaging of procollagen by Golgi into vesicles
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| step 8 of collagen formation | movement of vesicles in plasma membrane
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| Step 9 of collagene formation | Exocytosis of procollagen
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| Step 10 of collagen formation | cleavage of tropocollagen to from collagen molecules
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| Step 11 of collagen formation | polymerization of collagen in fibrils
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| Types of GAGs | Hyaluronin, Chondrotin sulfate, keratan sulfate, dermatin sulfate, heparan sulfate, heparin
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| GAGs | long unbranched chains of repeating dissacharides, acidic and negatively charged, most abundant organic molecule of CT GS, responsible of physical properties of GS, permits rapid diffusion of H2O soluble molecules
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| Connective tissue derivitives | mesoderm except small portion of head that is ectoderm
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| ECM comprised of | protein fibers (collagen and elastin) and GS
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| Organic molecules of ECM | glycoproteins, GAGs, proteoglycans
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| Proteoglycans | GAGs covalently bonded to proteins- very lg macromolecule
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| Types of Proteoglycans | Aggrecan, decorin, versican, syndican
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| Aggrecan | non-covalent bond to hylauron
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| Multiadhesive glycoproteins | fibronectin, laminin, tenascin, osteopontin, entactin/nidogen
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| Fibronectin | glycoprotein - used in cell adhesion
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| Laminin | glycoprotein- binding site for collagen
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| Tenascin | glycoprotein- wound and tumors
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| Entactin/Nidogen | glycoprotein Basal lamina specific protein
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| Hylauronic acid | free carb chain in ECM , non sulfated GAG, not postranslationally modified, synthesized by enzymes on cell surface, long rigid chain of thousands of dissacharides, does not covalently bind to proteins
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| What determines CT function | GS
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| Types of Bone | medullary (spongy) cortical (compact)
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| trabeculae | struts and plates in spongy bone marrow found between trabeculae
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| Endosteum | active layer during bone grwoth and remodeling- covers trabeculae of spongy bone. simple flattened layer of osteoprogenitor cells - no CT
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| Osteoprogentior cells | Precursors of bone cells. found on surface of bone and endosteum- diferentiate into osteoblasts
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| Osteoblasts | produce new bone matrix by osteogensis
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| Osteoclasts | bone reabsorbing cells present on the bone surface in shallow spots (Howship's lacunae)
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| Osteoclasts | Mature osteoblasts surrounded by lacunae
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| Calcitrol (Vitamin D) | pulls Ca and phosphate from diet
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| Calcitonin | stimulates osteoblasts in children and pregnancy. regularly overriden by PTH
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| Enzymes of ruffled border | collagenase, proteases, lactic acid, citric acid
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| reabsorption / deposition rxn | as PTH increases, Ca decreases and stimulates osteoclasts to reabsorb bone. As PTH decreases, Ca increases osteoclasts are inhibited and osteoblasts can deposit new bone matrix
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| Bone matrix proteins | Proteoglycans, multiadhesive glycoproteins, bone specific vitamin K dependent proteins, Growth factors and cytokinins
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| Intremembranous ossification | bone formed by differentation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts- growth of flat bones
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| ruffled border | microvilli of osteoclasts- releases enzymes to breakdown bone matrix for reabsorption
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| Osteocalcin | Binds Ca - concentrated in areas where bone growth is wanted
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| Sharpy's Fibers | Collagenous fibers incorperated into bone tissue from tendons and ligaments as well as periosteum. Bonds tendond and ligaments to bone
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| 5 zones of cartilage- diaphysis out | zone of reabsorption, zone of califying cartilage, zone of hypertrophic cartilage, zone of maturing cartilage, zone of profileration, zone of reserve cartilage
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| reserve zone | Hyaline cartilage
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| Three types of blood cell granules | Specific ( secondary), azurophilic (primary), tertiary
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| Specific blood cell granule | secrete chemicals for immune response
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| Azurephilic blood cell granule | Lg lysosome
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| Teritary blood cell granule | secrete enzymes into excellular space
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| Neutrophils | most prominate blood cells, most are lysosomes, metabolize anaerboically, avid phagocytes
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| Eosinophils | Slightly lgr than neutrophils, granules are most specific type crystalline core, lysomal enzymes, kills parasites, phagocytotic against bacteria, released into EC fluid, dampens immune response, not as active as neutrophil
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| Basophil | smallest granular blood cell, granules contain heparin histamine, fx like mast cells same line not precursor, weakly phagocytic, has organelles
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| Lymphocyte | smallest agranular blood cell, circulating in lymphatic system, many ribosomes, single round nucleus with halo
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| Monocytes | lgest agranular blood cell, round to kidney shaped nucleus, many ribosomes, transported in blood, leave blood enlarge and become macrophages, best phagocyte, aerobic metabolism, can renew easily, antigen presenting
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| Opsinizaton | coating with antibodies the attraction and enhancement of phagocytosis
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| Difference between monocyte-macrophage and reticuloendothelial systems | monocyte-macrophage system does not include reticular or endothelial cells. Both systems are groupings of phagocytotic cells types
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| Function of red marrow | storage and formation of Hb, erythrocyte formation, maturation of B-lymphocytes
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| Monophyletic theory of hemopoesis | That all blood cells come from a common stem cell - the hemocytoblast
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| Pleuripotential stem cell | hemopoietic stem cells give rise to all others
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| Erythropoesis | Hemocytoblast - proerythroblast-basophilic erythoblast-polychromatic erythrocyte-normoblast-reticulocyte-erythrocyte
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| Granular Leukopoiesis | hemocytoblast-myleoblast- promyleoblast-myleocyte-metamyelocyte-band cell- mature leukocyte
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| agranular lymphopoiesis | hemocytoblast-lymphoblast-prolymphocyte-lymphocyte
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| agranular monopoiesis | hemocytoblast-monoblast-promonocyte-monocyte
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| Thrombopoiesis | hemocytoblast-megakaryoblast-megakaryocyte-platelets
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| Hyaline cartilage cells | Perichondrium present, undergoes calcification, chondrocytes,blasts
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| Hyaline ECM | Type II collagen, aggrecan
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| Cartilage growth | Interstitiual and appostional growth limited in adults
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| cartilage repair | very limited, forms scar resulting in fibrocartilage formation
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| Elastic cartilage locations | external ear, ext acoustic meatus, auditory tube, larnyx (epiglottis, corniculate cuniform)
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| Areolar CT characteristics | most abundant CT proper, cells fibers and GS, has vascularized
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| Neuropil | Meshwork of axonal, dendritic, and glial processes associaated with gray matter
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| Encapsulated ending axons | Krause's end bulb, ruffini's corpuscle, meissners, pacinician, musle spindles
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| Non-capsulated ending axons | found in CT, epithelial and hair follicles
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| Ventral horn of spinal cord | cell bodies of motor neurons - efferent neurons
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| Epineurium | dense irregular CT that surrounds and binds nerve fascicles into common bundles
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| Perineurium | Specialized connective tissue surrounding nerve fascicles., metabolically active diffusion barrier, contributes to blood-nerve barrier , fibroblasts absent
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| Endoneurium | Loose connective tissue associated with individual nerve fibers
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| PNS ganglion cells derived from | Neural crest
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| CNS neuron derived from | neuroectodremal cells of neural tube
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| CNS myelin proteins | proteolipid protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
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| External lamina - nervous tissue | dips into and covers node of ranvier
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| Schmidt-Lanterman clefts | small island with in successive lamellae of the myelin, cytoplasm contains lysosomes and mitochondria, microtubules, dense bodies
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| Perivascular feet | wrap around blood vessels that serve the brain, help to create blood brain barrier, some contact paia mater to form pia-glial membrane, secrete substances that stimulate creation of tight junctions
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| Protoplasmic astrocytes | numerous short brnaching cytoplasmic processes, found in gray matter, tips of processes are perivascular foot processes
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| Astrocytes | supports, modulates neuron activities in CNS, lgest cells in CNS, 2 types- fibrous, protoplasmic, stellate shaped, lots of mitochondria
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| Blood brain barrier | endothelial cells joined together with tight junctions, endothelial basla lamina and end foot processes of astrocytes
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| Tannucytes | specialized ependymal cells that transport CSF to the hypothalamus
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| Nervous tx derives from | ectoderm neural groove becomes neural tube
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| Motor neurons | Convey impulses to CNS or ganglia
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| Interneurons | communicating and intergrating network between sensory and motor neurons - 99.9% of all neurons
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| Nerve cell body | has smooth and rough ER, lots of mitochondria, no centrosome, 1 pair centrioles
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| Multipolar neurons | motor and interneurons
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| Unipolar neurons | Sensory neurons
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| Bipolar neurons | Retina of eye, vestibulocochlear ganglia
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| Ganglia | nerve cell bodies outside of CNS
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| Autonomic nervous system regulates | smooth muscle, cardiac conducting cells, glandular epithelium
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| Unipolar neurons | located in dorsal root ganglia, cranial nerve ganglia
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| Nissl Bodies | Ribosomal content of the axoplasm. corresponds to rER
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| Organelles that pass through axon hillock into axon | microtubules, neurofilaments, mitochondria, vesicles
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| Periaxoplasmic plaques | discrete areas of axoterminals. Biochemicals and molecules characteristics of protein synthesis
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| CNS neuroglial cells | oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, ependymal cells
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| PNS neuroglial cells | schwann and satellite cells
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| Sheath of Schwann | external contigous with myelin sheath thin collar of perinuclear cytoplasm. contains nucleus and organelles of schwann cells
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| Thickness of myelin sheath | determined by diameter of axon
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| Microglia | phagocytic cells of CNS, precursors in bone marrow, secrete cytokinins, fx as antigen presenting cells, smallest and fewest of CNS cells, small nucleus , twisted processes
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| Oligodenrocytes | responsible for maintaining and production of myelin sheath in CNS, many processes that wrap around axon sheaths, smaller than astrocytes
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| Interfascicluar Oligodendrocyte | Manufature and maintain myelin sheath of CNS
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| Perivascular oligodendrocyte | clustered around capillaries
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| Ependymal cells | line ventral and central canals, tight junctions, lack external lamina, apical surface has microvilli, cilia, lines choroid plexus, involved in production of CSF - blood brain barrier absent
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| Compostion of CSF controlled by | Epidymal cells. Fluid leaks out of capillaries and diffuses through epidymal cells
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| Latch State | Phosphorylation of myosin head. May remain attached to actin filament (contracted) minimal expediture of ATP
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| Connective tissue components of smooth muscle | endomysium sheaths and bundles
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| Connective tissue components of cardiac muscle | Endomyseium
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| Regulation of striated muscle contraction | Binding of calcium to TnC causes tropomyosin movement and exposes myosin binding sites on actin
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| Smooth muscle cell to cell junctions | Gap junctions only
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| Ca - calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase system | system that regulates contraction of smooth muscle
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| Dense Bodies | smooth muscle protein masses where actin filaments and intermediate filaments intersect
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| Caveolae | invaginations of smooth muscle cell membrane, for transport and storage of calcium
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| Dependent on extracellular Ca for contraction | smooth muscle, even though well developed sER but no terminal cisternae
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| External Lamina | Basement membrane of nonepithelial tissues
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| Transport routes for epithelium | paracellular transport and transcellular transport
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| Paracellular route | movement of materials between cells, amount dependant on how tightly joined cells are
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| Transcellular Route | How most material is moved
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| Syncytium | a mass of cells that fx as one- atrium and ventricle cells
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| Intercalated Discs | attachment site between cardiac muscle cells
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| Intercalated disc cell to cell junctions | Fascia adherens, Macula adherens, gap junctions
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| characteristics of cardiac muscle | Branched -short-uninucleated. Aerobic many mitochondria no satellite cells well developed SR, intercalated discs, free flow of ions, instantanous contractions
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| Satellite Cells (muscle) | Between plasma membrane of muscle fiber and external lamina. Responsible for skeletal muscle regeneration
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| Myogenic muscle | self excitatory muscle that can activate its own action potential - cardiac muscle
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| Fascia Adherens (cardiac) | Hold cardiac muscle cells at their ends to form functional muscle fibers. Site of actin filament anchorage into plasma membrane
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| Macula adherens of cardiac muscles | Desmosomes that bind individual cells together
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| Purkinje Fibers | specialized conducting fibers of cardiac muscles
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| Fibrous Skeleton | Rings of CT and Elastic fibers
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| Germ Derivatives of 4 basic tissue types | Epithelial - ectoderm , some endoderm. Connective- mesoderm. Nervous- ectoderm. Muscle- Mesoderm.
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| Fluroscene Microscopy | Uses molecules that fluroscene under UV light- used to trace nerve fiber pathways, mineralized tissues, GAP junctions
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| Confocal scanning microcopy | Lt microscopy with scanning computer to visually dissect objects
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| Electron Microscopy | Uses electrons to provide morphological and analytical data on cells and tissues
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| Endogenous cytoplasmic granules | lipid droplets, glycogen granules, zymogen granules, mucigen, melanin, lipofuscin, crystals, hemsiderin
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| Glycogen granules | endogenous cytoplasmic inclusion main storage of carbs
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| Zymogen Granules | Endogenous scretory granules rich in inactive enzymes - proteins are precipatated when realeased and activated
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| Mucigen | Endogenous - GAGs, released from pale granules.
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| Melamin | Endogenous cytoplasmic inclusion formed from amino acid tyrosine
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| Lipofuscin | End point of lysosomal digestion. Found in residual bodies. Accumulates with age
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| Crystals | Endogenous - found in testicular cells, leukocytes
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| Hemosiderin | Endogenous products by hene degradation
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| Lipocromes | Exogeneous - Soluble carotinoid pigment found in lipid tissue
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| dark Field Microscopy | Uses defracted or scattered light . Used to exam autoradiographs, urine crystals and spirochetes
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| Phase contrast microscopy | uses refractive index of tissue. Used to examine surface of cells and other objects
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| Tissue Components | H2O, protein, nucleic acids, inorganic salts, hormones and vitamins. lipids, carbohydrates, Glycoprotiens, GAGs.
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| Cell to cell junctions | Occluding, anchoring, communicating
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| Actin proteins | F&G Actin, tropomyosin, troponin
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| Epithelial membranes comprises of | Epithelium and CT
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| Serous Membrane | Line cavities in ventral cavities that do not open to outside. simple squamous mesothelium
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| Mucous membrane | Muscosa - lines tubes that opens to the surface. Absorption, secretion. surface epithelium and avevolar CT
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| Synovial Membrane | Only epithelium - No CT
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| Terminal Web | Regulates tension on apical surface, under microvilli, composed of actin and intermediate filaments, provides support for microvilli or cilia. Core of microvilli inserts into terminal web
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| Tonofilaments | intermediate filaments involved with desmosomes
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| zonal adherens | interacts with actin filaments inside the cell. couples actin filaments to plasma membrane at regions of cell to cell adhesions
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| 3 layers of basal lamina | lamina lucida, lamina densa , lamina fibroreticularis
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| Lamina Lucida | Type IV collagen proteoglycans, laminins, entactins
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| Lamina densa | same as lucida
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| Lamina fibroreticularis | Type III collagen, glycoprotein, fibronectin
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| Tendons | cords attaching bone to muscle
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| Ligaments | Attaches bone to bone
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| myotendous junction | attachment site between tendons and muscles - looping anchoring site, reticular fibers
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| Elastic CT | Consists of elastic fibers, Fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, collagenous fibers, produced by smooth muscle cells, in walls of vessles, arteries, aterioles and veins, allows for expansion of lumen
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| Cartilage | Semi-rigid form of tissue, avascular, GS determines characteristics of cartilage, low metabolic rate, limited mitosis
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| Hyaline cartilage function | cushioning, smooth-low friction surface for joints, structural supoort in resp. system, foundation for fetal skeleton, endochondrol bone formation and growth
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| Myosin proteins | Myosin II
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| alpha- Actinin | protein that bundles thin actin filament into parallel arrays and anchors them to z-line
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| Titin | Protein that forms an elastic lattice that anchors thick filaments to z-lines
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| Accessory proteins of muscle contraction | Titin, a-actinin, Nebulin, tropomodulin, Desmin, myomesin, C protein, Dystrophin
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| Tropomodulin | actin capping protein maintains and regulates the length of the sacromere actin filament
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| Embryonic development of muscle tx | myocytes- myotubules-myofibers
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| myofilaments | What myofibrils are made of. the contractile elements of straited muscle
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| Amitotic type of muscle cells | cardiac and skeletal
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| T-tubules | Deep invaginations of sER
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| Terminal Cisternae | storage of ca ions
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| motor unit | All muscle cells controlled by a single motor neuron
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| Endotendium | strand of fibroblasts that carry blood vessels and nerves into tendon
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| Collagen types for muscle CT layers | Type I collagen continous with all CT muscle sheaths ensures contraction by myofibers is transmitted to tendons
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| Organization of skeletal muscle | myofibrils, muscle fibers, muscle fascicles, skeletal muscle
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| Myoblasts | Uninuclear cells that give rise to myocytes
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| Pericytes | adult mesenchymal cells, also called adventitia or perivascuclar cells
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| myoepithelial cells | smooth muscle cells
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| Types of multicellular contractile units | Skeletal muscle
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| Types of single-celled contractile units | myoepithelial cells, pericytes, myofibroblasts
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| Muscle tissue % of body mass | 40% skeletal, 10% smooth and cardiac
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| Basal Lamina proteins | collagen, laminins, Glycoproteins, Proteoglycans
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| Basal Lamina | Attaches epithelium to CT, sheetlike arrangment of extracellular protein
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| Monocilia | establishes let-right asymetry in internal organs. 9+0 arrangement
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| Stereocilia | No movement
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| Cilia | Arranged in 9+2 pattern of microtubules. cytoplasmic structures that move fluid and particles along a surface.
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| Epitheloid Tissue | epithelium that lacks free surface
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| Loose connective tissue proper | adipose, reticular, aveolar
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| Function of astrocytes | contributes to blood brain barrier , scavanges K+ , excess K+ inhibits muscle contraction, release of glucose from glycogen, formation of scar tissue, secretes neutrotrpoic factor during brain development.
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| rER | Binds ribosomes engaged in translating mRNA for proteins destined for secretion or for membrane insertion, also involved in chemical modification of proteins and membrane lipid synthesis
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| sER | Involved in lipid and steroid metabolism
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| Golgi | Chemical modification of proteins, sorting and packaging of molecules for secretion or transport to other organelles
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| secretory vesicles | transport and storage of secreted proteins to plasma membrane
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| Nucleolus | synthesis of rRNA and partial assembly of ribosomal subunits, involved in regulation of cell cycle
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| Mitochondria | Aerobic energy supply, initiation of apotosis
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| Endosomes | Transport of endocytosed material biogenesis of lysosomes
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| Perioxisomes | Oxidative digestion
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| Glycogen | Short term storage of glucose in the form of branched polymer, found in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue
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| Under basal Lamina | A layer of reticular fibers
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| Structures responsible for attachment of basal lamina to underlying CT | Anchoring fibrils (type VII collagen), Fibrillin, Discrete projections of lamina densa
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| Procollagen | Precursor of collagen fibers
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| 3 layers of the eyeball | Corneoscleral coat, Vascular coat, Retina
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| Corneoscleral coat | outer fiberous layer (sclera and cornea)
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| Visceral coat | Middle layer (choroid and stroma of the ciliary body and iris)
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| Retina | Inner layer (outer pigment of epithelium, inner neural retina and epithelium of ciliary body and iris)
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| Sclera | fibrous CT
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| Retina | Blood vessels and melanin pgiment
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| Tissues of eye derived from | neuroectoderm, surface ectoderm, mesoderm
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| Surface ectoderm | Lens, epithelium of cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland
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| Neural ectoderm | Viterous body, epithelium of retina, iris, ciliary body, sphincter pupilae and dilator pupilae muscles, optic nerve
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| Mesoderm | Sclera, stroma of cornea, ciliary body, iris, choroid, extraocular muscles
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| Cornea layers | Corneal epithelium, Bowman's membrane, Corneal stroma, Descemet's membrane, corneal membrane
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| DNA corneal epithelial cells protected by | nuclear ferritin
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| Bowman's membrane | anterior basement membrane- corneal epithelium rest on
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| Corneal stroma | substantia propria- collagen fibril lamellae
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| GS of corneal stroma | Proteoglycans (lumican)
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| Descemet's membrane | posterior basement membrane- basal lamina of corneal endothelial cells
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| sclera | Dense CT
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| Corneoscleral limbus | epithelial cells
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| Iris | anterior part of vascular coat
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| Pupil | highly vascularized connective tissue
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| pigment myoepithelium | highly pigmented layer of pupil
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| Ciliary muscle layers | meridional portion, radial portion, circular portion
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| Layers of retina | choroid, lamina viterous, retinal pigment epithelium, rods and cones, outer limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform, inner nuclear layer, inner plexiform, ganaglion cells, nerve fiber layer
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|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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