Glencoe Biology
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| Phylum Arthropoda | “jointed legs"
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| Jointed Appendages | Any structure (leg/antenna) that grows out of animal body; Advantages: allow flexibility and variety of functions/movements
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| Exoskeleton Advantages | Hard thick outer covering made of protein & chitin; protects and support internal organs
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| Exoskeleton DisAdvantages | Relatively heavy=small size; to grow arthropod must molt
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| Molt | Shed and replace exoskeleton
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| Phylum Arthropoda Characteristics | Jointed Appendages; Exoskeleton; Divided bodies (2-3); Efficient gas exchange; Acute senses; Complex Body Systems
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| 3 body regions | head; thorax; abdomen
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| Cephalothorax | head fused with thorax so 2 body sections
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| Gills | feathery structures used by aquatic arthropods; in crustaceans
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| Tracheal Tubes | branging networks of hollow tubes carrying air thru body; most insects
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| Book Lungs | air filled chambers; found in spiders
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| Antennae | stalk-like structures that detect changes in environment, movements, sounds
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| Simple Eyes | made of 1 lens to detect light
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| Compound Eyes | multiple lens that detect movement and color
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| Nervous System | ventral nerve cord, antieror brain and ganglia
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| Malpighiam tubules | excretory organs that collect waste in abdomam and empty into intestine
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| Class Arachnida | Examples: spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks
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| Spider Characteristics | 2 bodyregions; 4 pairs of walking legs; chelicerae; spinnerets
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| Chelicerae | modified pincers/fangs for holding food or injecting venom
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| Spinnerets | spin silk made by silk glands into webs
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| Class Crustacea | crabs, lobsters, shrimp, crayfish, barnacles, sow bugs
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| Crustacea - Characteristics | 2 pairs of antenne; mandibles for crushing food
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| Class Chilopida | Centipedes
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| Chilopida - Characteristics | 1 pair of legs per body section; carnivours; flat
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| Class Diplopoda | Millipedes
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| Diplopoda - Characteristics | 2 pairs of legs per body section; scavengers; round
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| Class Merostomata | Horseshoe crabs
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| Merostomata - Characteristics | living fossils - unchanged for 500 mil. years
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| Class Insecta | Largest/most diverse; flies, grasshoppers, butterflies
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| Metamophosis | change in body shape and form in development
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| Complete Metamophosis | 4 stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult) EX: buterfly fly ants beetles
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| Larva | wormlike stage; eats-grows-molts
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| Pupa | resting stage (cocoon)
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| InComplete Metamophosis | 3 stages (egg, nyph, adult) EX: grasshoppers & cockroaches
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| nyph | miniature adult but lacks wings and mature sex organs
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| Phylum Echinodermata | spiny skined
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| Phylum Echinodermata - Characteristics | Endoskeleton; Adults = radial symmetry; Larve = bilartrial symmetry; Water cascular system
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| Endoskeleton | hard bumby inner skeleton covered by thin epidermis; pedicellariae
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| pedicellariae | pincerlike appendages on spines of sea stars & sea urchins; protect and clean
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| Water Vascular System | enables echinoderms to move exchange gases capture food and excrete wastes; hydraulic system that operates under H2O pressure
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| Sea Stars | usally 5 rays; if rays are lost - replaced by regeneration
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| Brittle Stars | fragile skinny rays
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