Review of Buddhism
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| What does "The stream is flowing"/"The flowing is the stream" mean? | Stream is never constant, but flowing is. Pick up two cups of water from stream, they are two different cups of water. Relates to anicca and anatta: nothing in the world is permanent/static. Also ongoing flow of thoughts, perceptions, fears, hopes…etc
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| Anatta | One of the Three Marks of Existence. The Buddhist doctrine denying a permanent self.
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| Anicca | One of the Three Marks of Existence. The Buddhist doctrine that all existent things are constantly changing.
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| Arhat | One who has become enlightened. The ideal type for Theravada Buddhism.
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| Buddha | Gautama and all others who have by their own insight attained perfect enlightenment.
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| Dalai Lama | The spiritual leader of Vajrayana (Tibetan) Buddhism.
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| Dharma | The teachings of the Buddha. One of the Three Jewels of Buddhism.
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| Dukkha | The First of the Four Noble Truths. Basic Buddhist insight that suffering is part of the human condition.
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| Five Precepts | The basic moral requirements that are binding for all Buddhists.
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| Four Noble Truths | The central teachings of Buddhism. To live is to suffer, suffering is caused by desire, the cessation of suffering can be achieved, the solution is the Noble Eightfold Path.
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| Karma | The moral law of cause and effect of actions. Determines the nature of one’s rebirth.
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| Mahayana | The largest of Buddhism’s three divisions, prevalent in China, Japan, and Korea. Emphasizes on devotion and prayer to the Buddhas.
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| Middle Way | A basic Buddhist teaching that rejects both the pleasures of sensual indulgence and the self-denial of asceticism, focusing instead on a practical approach to spiritual attainment.
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| Nirvana | The ultimate goal of all Buddhists, the extinction of desire and any sense of individual selfhood, resulting in liberation from samsara and its limiting conditions.
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| Noble Eightfold Path | The fourth of the Noble Four Truths. Defines the basic practices of Buddhism that lead to nirvana.
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| Samsara | The wheel of rebirth and reincarnation.
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| Sangha | The Buddhist community of Monks and nuns. One of the Three Jewels of Buddhism .
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| Tanha | The second of the Four Noble truths. It is selfish desire, which causes dukkha.
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| Theravada | Prevalent form of Buddhism in Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand. Focuses mainly on the earliest texts and emphasizes monastic lifestyle.
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| Three Marks of Existence | Characteristics that summarize the changing nature of reality: anatta (no-self), anicca (impermanence), and dukkha (suffering).
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| Vajrayana | Prevalent form of Buddhism in Tibet. Emphasizes the harnessing of sensual energies to attain nirvana.
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| The Four Passing Sights | decrepit old man
diseased man
corpse for the first time
religious ascetic man, who had chosen to lead a homeless life of solitude and self-denial.
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| The Middle Way | Starvation did not lead to salvation.
The Middle Way holds that a healthy spiritual life depends on a healthy physical life. Though it rejects indulgence in bodily pleasure, it does not reject the body itself.
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| Enlightenment | Gautama entered a meditative trance.
He ascended through levels of ever deepening awareness, until he could perceive with perfect clarity the true nature of the human condition.
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| Founding of the Sangha | His depth of compassion compelled him to remain in the world.
Being a Buddhist means taking refuge in the tradition’s Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (Buddha’s teachings),and the Sangha (The Buddhist monastic community).
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| A shared cosmology | Buddhism and Hinduism:universe is eternal, with ages of creation and destruction following one after another + doctrine of samsara
Gautama rejected Hinduism, in which only males of the Brahmin class controlled the sacrificial rituals and sacred texts.
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| Three Marks of Existence | Anatta: no ultimate reality within, no essence underlying existence, no eternal substrantum that is truly real, enduring beyond the present moment. This means no-self
Anicca: Existence constantly changing
Dukkha: Natural result of anicca and anatta.
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| Five Precepts | 1)Don’t take life
2)Don’t take what is not given
3)Don’t engage in sensuous misconduct
4)Don’t use false speech
5)Don’t drink intoxicants
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| Precepts for Monks | 6)Don’t eat after noon
7)Don’t watch dancing or shows
8)Don’t use garlands, perfume or ornaments
9)Don’t use a high or soft bed
10)Don’t accept gold or silver
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| Noble Four Truths | 1)To live is to suffer – Dukkha
2)Suffering is caused by desire – Tanha
3)Suffering can be brought to cessation – Prognosis
4)The solution to suffering is the Eightfold Path – Noble Eightfold Path
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