Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation of muscles of the forearm and hand
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| Supinator | Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament of elbow joint, anular ligament of proximal radioulnar joint, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
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| Supinator - Insertion | proximal third of radius
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| Supinator - Action | rotates radius to SUPINATE (flip palm up) forearm and hand. Occurs when forearm is flexed or extended.
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| Supinator - Innervation | deep branch of radial nerve (C5, C6)
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| Pronator Teres - Origin | humeral head: above medial epicondyle of humerus. Ulnar head: medial side of coronoid process of ulna
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| Pronator Teres - Insertion | midway along lateral surface or radius
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| Pronator Teres - Action | PRONATION - rotates radius on ulna, helps flex forearm at elbow
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| Pronator Teres - Innervation | median nerve (C6, C7)
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| Pronator Quadrus - Origin | Medial aspect of anterior surface of distal 1/4 of ulna
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| Pronator Quadrus - Insertion | distal fourth of lateral border and anterior surface of shaft of radius
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| Pronator Quadrus - Action | PRONATES the hand (assisted by pronator Teres when additional power is required).
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| Pronator Quadrus - Innervation | Median Nerve (C8 and T1)
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis - Origin | medial epicondyle of humerus and antebrachial fascia
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis - Insertion | base of 2nd metacarpal bone, sends a slip to base os 3rd metacarpal bone
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis - Action | flexes hand at wrist joint, aids in abduction
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis - Innervation | median nerve (C6, C7)
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| Palmaris Longus - Origin | medial epicondyle of humerus
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| Palmaris Longus - Insertion | anterior aspect of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
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| Palmaris Longus - Action | flexes hand at wrist, tightens palmar aponeurosis
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| Palmaris Longus - Innervation | median nerve (C6, C7)
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin | humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus. Ulnar head: olecranon process and posterior border of ulna.
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Insertion | pisiform and hook of hamate
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Action | flexes and adducts hand at wrist
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris - Innervation | Ulnar Nerve (C7, C8)
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| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Origin | humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna. Radial Head, duperior half of anterior radius
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| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Insertion | four tendons of insertion attach to bodies of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits (index to little finger)
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| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Action | flexes interphalangeal joints; also minorly flexes elbow, wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints.
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| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis - Innervation: | median Nerve (C7, C8, T1)
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| Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Origin | interosseous membrane, proximal 3/4 of medial ulna
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| Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Insertion | four tendons attach to bases of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits (index to little finger)
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| Flexor Digitorum Profundus - Action | flexes distal interphalangeal joints
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| Flexor Digitorum PRofundus - Innervation | Proximal to the wrist this muscle divides into two parts: medial part - ulnar nerve (C8, T1). Lateral part: anterior interosseous branch of medial nerve (c8 and T1)
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| Flexor Pollicis Longus - Origin | anterior aspect of radius, interosseous membrane
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| Flexor Pollicis Longus - Insertion | base of distal phalanx of thumb
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| Flexor Pollicis Longus - Action | flexion of distal phalanx of thumb, minorly flexes proximal phalanx of thumb
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| Flexor Pollicis Longus - Innervation | Median Nerve (anterior interosseous branch) (C7, C8, T1)
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Origin | lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Insertion | base of 2nd metacarpal
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Action | extends and abducts hand at wrist joint
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus - Innervation | Radial Nerve (C6, C7)
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Origin | lateral epicondyle of humerus
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Insertion | base of 3rd metacarpal
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Action | extends and abducts hand at wrist joint
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis - Innervation | radial nerve (deep branch) (C7, C8)
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| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Origin | two heads: one head from lateral epicondyle of humerus, one head from posterior border of ulna
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| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Insertion | base of 5th metacarpal
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| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - Action | extends and adducts hand at wrist joint
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| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - innervation | Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous branch) (C7, C8)
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| Extensor Digitorum - Origin | lateral epicondyle of humerus
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| Extensor Digitorum - Insertion | extensor expansions of medial 4 digits (index finger to little finger)
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| Extensor Digitorum - Action | extension at metacarpalphalangeal and interphalangeal joints
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| Extensor Digitorum - Innervation | radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7, C8)
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi - Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi - Insertion | extensor expansion of 5th digit
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi - Action | extends 5th digit
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi - Innervation | radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7, C8)
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| Extensor Indices - Origin | posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
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| Extensor Indices - Insertion | extensor expansion of 2nd digit
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| Extensor Indices - Action | extends all joints of index finger
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| Extensor Indices - Innervation | radial nerve (C7, C8)
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus - Origin | posterior ulna, interosseous membrane
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus - Insertion | base of 1st metacapal
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus - Action | abducts, extends, laterally rotates thumb at carpometacarpal joint, may contribute to abduction of wrist.
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus - Innervation | radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7, C8)
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis - origin | posterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis - Insertion | base of proximal phalanx of thumb
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis - Action | extends proximal phalanx of thumb
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis - innervation | radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7 and C8)
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| Extensor Pollicis Longus - Origin | Posteror surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane
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| Extensor Pollicis Longus - Insertion | base of proximal phalanx of thumb
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| Extensor Pollicis Longus - Action | extends distal phalanx of thumb
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| Extensor Pollicis Longus - Innervation | Radial nerve (Posterior interosseous branch) (C7, C8)
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| Adductor Pollicis - Origin | bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate
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| Adductor Pollicis - Innervation | radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7, C8)
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| Opponens Pollicis - Origin | flexor retinaculum and trapezium
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| Opponens Pollicis - Insertion | lateral side of 1st metacarpal
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| Opponens Pollicis - Action | facilitates opposing grip (thumb opposed to fingers)
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| Opponens Pollicis - Innervation | recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
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| ABductor Pollicis Brevis - Origin | flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid, trapezium
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| ABductor Pollicis Brevis - Insertion | lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
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| ABductor Pollicis Brevis - Action | Abducts thumb
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| ABductor Pollicis Brevis - Innervation | Recurrent branch of radial nerve
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| Flexor Pollicis Brevis - ORigin | two heads: superficial head: flexor retinaculum, trapezium. deep head: floor of carpal canal (which overlies trapezium and capitate bones)
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| Flexor Pollicis Brevis - Insertion | lateral sideof first metacarpal bone
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| Flexor Pollicis Brevis - Action | flexes proximal phalanx of thumb
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| Flexor Pollicis Brevis - Innervation | recurrent branch of median nerve (C8)
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| Lumbrical Muscles - Origin | flexor digitorum profundus
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| Lumbrical Muscles - Insertion | lateral sidesof extensor expansions of digits 2-5
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| Lumbrical Muscles - Action | flex metacarpopharyngeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
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| Lumbrical muscles - Innervation | lumbricals 1&2: median nerve (C8, T1). Lumbricals 3&4: deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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| Opponens Digiti Minimi - Origin | hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
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| Opponens Digiti Minimi - Insertion | palmar sufaceof body of 5th metacarpal
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| Opponens Digiti Minimi - Action | ABducts, flexes, laterally rotates 5th metacarpal (increases power of grip, opposes little finger ot thumb)
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| Opponens Digiti Minimi - Innervation | deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi - Origin | hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi - Insertion | base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi - Action | flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi - Innervation | Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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| ABductor Digiti Minimi - Origin | pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
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| ABductor Digiti Minimi - Insertion | base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
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| ;ABductor Digiti Minimi - Action | ABducts 5th digit
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| ABductor Digiti Minimi - Innervation | Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
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| The Hypothenal Muscles Include... | ABductor digiti minimi, Opponens digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi
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| Thenar Muscles Include... | ABductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis breves
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