Surgery
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| Cause of rabies | Rhabdovirus: genus Lyssavirus
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| Most common animal that can give rabies in asia | Dogs, followed by cats
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| Total deaths per year of rabies | 55,000. 31,000 from southeast asia
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| what Percentage of rabies victims are children | 53%
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| Mode of rabies transmission | saliva, or scratches (but saliva on the claw causes it)
aerosol transmission (rare)
eating infected animal
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| preventive measures for rabies | avoid the animal, vaccinate all pets (starting at 3 months then yearly)
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| how long should exotic animals be quarantined? | 90 days
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| incubation period for humans (rabies) | up to 7 years, 5-7 years
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| Most common site for rabies bite or scratch | legs, then hands
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| the closer the site of infection is to the head the shorter the inoculation period (true or false?) | true
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| what phase starts after initial bite, and what symptoms are present? | the local latent phase, no symptoms
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| upon rabies bite what is the best method to cure? | inject vaccine 50% on site of infection, the other half intramuscular within 7 days of bite
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| pathogenesis of rabies | after staying in the affected area it will move to the end motor plate, going up the nerves (motor, autonomic and sensory), then to spinal cord, then to hair,then to saliva, lacrimal gland and liver
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| movement rate of rabies up nerves | 100mm per day
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| duration of rabies incubation period | 10-90 days (but can last from 4 days to 7 years) and is asymptomatic
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| what happens when rabies enters a nerve? | it goes to the dorsal root ganglion, then to the spinal cord, then brain stem, then cerebrum thus starting the centrifugal flow to the salivary glands, hair and lacrimal glands
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| host factors that reduce the incubation period | Young age
These lower the immune system
Immunocompromised or given steroids for medical problems
More severe more saliva
Severity of the bite
Lots of saliva
Large inoculum
Proximity to the head
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| duration and description of prodromal period (rabies) | lasts 2-10 days and correlates to the virus entering the CNS
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| symptoms during prodromal period (rabies) | behavioral changes, fever, nausea, vomiting
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