Lo-Intro to Mucosal Immunity
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| intestinal cellular turnover | shed and turnover 2-5 days
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| mucosal type I | single-layered epithelium
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| mucosal type II | stratified epithelium
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| organized lymphoid tissue | 1) tonsil
2) appendix
3) mesenteric lymph nodes
4) Peyer's patches
5) isolated lymphoid follicles
6) cryptopatches
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| peyer's patches | most in small intestine and highest in terminal ileum
1:2 ratio of T-cells/B-cells
pick up antigens thru M cells
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| isolated lymphoid follicles | structurally similar to Peyer's patches-->characterized by single follicle
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| cryptopatches | submucosal collections of lymphoid cells
precursors to isolated lymphoid follicles
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| tonsil | palatine and nasopharyngeal
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| appendix | blind-ended tube connected to cecum
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| mesenteric lymph nodes | lie in between layers of mesentery (double layer of peritoneum that suspends jejunum and ileum from posterior wall of abdomen)
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| TLR expression and ligands | expressed by bone marrow-derived cells and tissue stroma
ex) epithelium, fibroblasts
ligands:
1) PAMPs
2) peptidoglycans
3) LPS
4) dsRNA
5) flagellin
6) CpG
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| TLR2 ligand | binds gram (+) bacteria
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| TLR4 ligand | binds LPS
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| TLR5 ligand | binds bacterial flagellin
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| TLR9 ligand | binds CpG
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| innate immunity | early capability to recognize and degrade pathogens
general response to PAMPs
mediated by epithelial cells, TLRs, macrophages, mast cells, eosinophils, NK cells
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| adaptive immunity | memory responses to previous exposure to pathogen
very specific but delayed responses
mediated by T and B lymphocytes
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| hygiene theory | early and frequent exposure to infectious organisms boosts the immune system
probiotic bacteria alter intestinal flora and immunity (and do not colonize)
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| adaptive immune mechanisms | 1) FAE-->exploited by pathogens bc of its uptake
2) oral tolerance-->lack of immune response to food
3) commensal bacteria
4) IgA
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| Ulcerative Colitis | IBD that usually presents with bloody diarrhea
continuous distribution restricted to superficial epithelium of colon
genetic association with HLA*DR2/DR3*QD2
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| Crohn's disease | IBD-usually presents with abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, perforation
chronic intermittent, transmural, segmental inflamm.
c'some 16 (NOD2 gene)-->20x more susceptible-->reduced NF-kB activation
ATG16L1 (autophagy) variants increases risk
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Created by:
kphom001
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