Bakhtar-Male Reproductive Pathology
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| seminoma | most common pure germ cell tumor
identical to dysgerminoma
gray-white lobulated cut surface
large round cells, clear cytoplasm, large nuclei, prominent nucleoli in dense background of lymphocytes
secrete hCG
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| spermatocytic seminoma | germ cell tumor
unrelated to "classic" seminoma
no metastatic potential
three cell types: medium, small, giant
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| embryonal carcinoma | germ cell tumor
can be aggressive
often hemorrhagic
undifferentiated cells growing in alveolar or tubular pattern
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| yolk sac tumor | germ cell tumor
counterpart of endodermal sinus tumor in females
most common testicular tumor in children < 3 y.o.
Schiller Duval Bodies
Secrete AFP
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| choriocarcinoma | germ cell tumor
highly malignant tumor
hemorrhagic and necrotic
syncytiotrophoblasts (secrete hCG) and cytotrophoblasts
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| teratoma | germ cell tumor
benign and/or malignant components from more than one germ cell layer
can have mature/immature elements
can have respiratory elements
differentiated teratomas in males:
-children: benign
-post-pubertal: malignant
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| leydig cell tumor | sex cord tumor
secretes androgens
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| lymphoma | most common testicular tumor in patients > 60 y.o.
most common is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
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| mixed tumor | germ cell tumor
most common testicular tumor
prognosis worsens based on type of cancer
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| seminoma vs non-seminoma | seminoma: often present at low age, primarily lymphatic route of spread, radiosensitive
non-seminoma: often present at high age, primarily hematogenous route of spread, radioresistant
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| cryptochordism | failure of intra-abdominal testis to descend
two phases: transabdominal and inguinosacral (the most common)
75% unilateral
increased risk of cancer in both testes
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| hypospadias | congenital defect
urethral opening on underside of penis
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| epispadias | congenital defect
urethral opening on topside or bottom side of penis
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| phimosis | foreskin can't be retracted fully over glans penis
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| testicular torsion | twisting of spermatic cord
venous drainage blocked and increased arterial pressure-->hemorrhagic infarct
testis remain viable if untwisted within 6hrs
underlying malignancy should always be excluded
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| condyloma | skin disease
HPV-related dysplasia: HPV 6 and 11
display koilocytic atypia
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