SB82 Vascular Surgery from Fiser's ABSITE review
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Most common congenital hypercoagulable disorder ___________ | Factor V Leiden
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| Problem seen in Factor V Leiden is resistance to ____________ | Activated Protein C
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| Most common acquired hypercoagulability disorder ____________ | Smoking
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| The first stage of atherosclerosis involves these cells ___________ | Foam cells
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| What are foam cells? | Macrophages that have absorbed fat and lipids in the vesel wall
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| Describe the second stage of atherosclerosis. | Smooth muscle cell proliferation; caused be GFs released from foam cells; causes vessel wall injury
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| What is the third stage of atherosclerosis?___________ | Intimal disruption
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| What is the pathophysiology of the third stage of atherosclerosis? | Smooth muscle cell proliferation causes exposure of collagen in vessel wall, which leads to eventual thrombus formation with fibrous plaques overlying atheromas
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| Third most common cause of death in the US is due to _______________ | Stroke
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| Most important risk factor for stroke in asymptomatic patients _________ | Hypertension
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| Carotid arteries supply _____________% of the blood flow to the brain | Eighty-five
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| The most common site of carotid stenosis is at the ______________ | Bifurcation
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| Describe the flow in the ECA vs. the ICA. | ECA has triphasic flow; ICA has continuous forward flow.
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| First branch of the external carotid artery: _______________ | Superior Thyroid Artery
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| First branch of the internal carotid artery: _______________ | Ophthalmic Artery
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| Communication between the ICA and the ECA occurs through these 2 vessels. | Ophthalmic artery (off ICA) and internal maxillary artery (off ECA)
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| Most commonly diseased intracranial artery ________________ | MCA
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| Most common cause of cerebral ischemic events ____________ | arterial embolization from ICA
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| Occlusion of ophthalmic branch of ICA causing transient visual changes is called _____________ | Amaurosis fugax
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| Carotid endarterectomy should be considered in patients with > _________ % stenosis and _________ | Seventy, symptoms
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| When should you place a shunt during carotid endarterecomy? | hen stump pressures are below 50
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| If a patient has bilateral carotid stenosis, which side should you repair first? _________ | The tighter side
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| The cranial nerve most commonly injured in CEA is the ____________ nerve | Vagus
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| Patient has difficuly swallowing following CEA. Which nerve was likely injured? ____________ | Glossopharyngeal
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| This nerve may be injured during CEA and cause paralysis of strap muscles. ________ | Ansa Cervicalis
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| Post-CEA patients may develop hypertension 20% of the time due to injury of ___________ | Carotid Body
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| Most common non-stroke morbidity and mortality following CEA ____________ | Myocardial Infarction
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| The restenosis rate following CEA is _____% | Fifteen
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| Criterion 1 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is age greater than ______ years old | Eighty
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| Criterion 2 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is ______ | CAD
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| Criterion 3 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is acute MI in past _______ weeks or CABG in prior ______ months | four, six
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| Criterion 4 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is _______________ | CHF
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| Criterion 5 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is ___________ | Dialysis-dependent renal failure
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| Criterion 6 for carotid stenting rather than CEA is ___________ | Severe COPD
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| Symptomatic vertebral disease usually occurs at this location _______________ | Bilaterally at origins
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| Symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency | Diplopia, dysarthria, vertigo, tinnitus, drop attacks, incoordination, binocular vision loss
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| Painless neck mass near bifurcation of carotids ______ | Carotid body tumor
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| Carotid body tumors are composed of this cell type _________ | Neural crest cells
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| Treatment of carotid body tumors ________ | Resection
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| Thoracic aortic transection is usually caused by _________________ injury | Deceleration
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| Thoracic aorta transection usually tears at the location of the _______ | Ligamentum arteriosum
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| This percentage of patients with thoracic aorta transection die at the scene ______ | Ninety
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| Mediastinal widening may occur after thoracic aorta transection due to ___________ injury rather than leaking directly from the aorta | Bridging vessels
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