Microbes
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| How long has humans been around in a "24 hour" history? | less than 4 seconds
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| Fill in the blank: Accumulation of (blank) from photosynthetic (blank) | atmospheric O2, cyanobacteria
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| When was the mass extinction? | between the precambrian era and the paleozoic era
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| What experiment produced amino acids, sugars, and nucleotide bases in a tube? | Miller-Urey 1953 experiment
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| What was the problem with Miller-Urey experiment? | ammonia and methane wouldn't be in early atmosphere because intense UV breaks them down.
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| Lerman | Proposed Bubble Model: suppose that reactions took place within bubbles to protect ammonia and methane from UV. (Microspheres)
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| True or false: The first genetic material and enzymes may both have been DNA | FALSE. They were RNA
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| Which is more diverse: prokaryotes or eukaryotes | prokaryotes
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| How many ways can animals and prokaryotes do metabolism? | animals have 1 way; prokaryotes have at least 20 ways
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| The first cells were most likely... | chemoautotrophs
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| What is the energy source and carbon source of photoautotroph | sunlight and CO2
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| What is the energy source and carbon source of chemoautotroph | inorganic chemicals and CO2
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| What is the energy source and carbon source of photoheterotroph | sunlight and organic compounds
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| What is the energy source and carbon source of chemoheterotroph | organic compounds and organic compounds
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| What are the domains of prokaryotes | archaea and bacteria
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| Differences between bacteria and archaea: RNA polymerase | Bacteria: one kind simple and small; Archaea: several kinds; complex and similar to eukaryotic
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| Differences between bacteria and archaea: Introns (noncoding parts of genes) | Bacteria: absent. Archaea: present in some genes
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| Differences between bacteria and archaea: membrane lipids | Bacteria: carbon chains unbranched; Archaea: some carbon chains branched
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| where do archaea live? | in extreme environments: salt lakes, acidic hot springs, animal digestive systems
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| What did prokaryotes create on Earth? | atmosphere and soil
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| Nitrogen fixation: | makes nitrogen available
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| Are prokaryotes decomposers? | yes, we use them in sewage treatment
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| How did the eukaryotic cell originated? | probably as a community of prokaryotes via endosymbiosis
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| Evidence for endosymbiosis | mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by two membranes, have circular DNA, have prokaryote-like ribosomes, divide by binary fission
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| What are the 4 kingdom of Eukarya | Animalia, plantae, fungi, protista
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| Which kingdom of eukarya is well defined evolutionary groups and mostly multicellular | animalia, plantae, fungi
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| What kingdom of eukarya is very diverse and unicellular | protista
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| Which is the most diverse of the eukaryotic kingdom? | protists
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| Protozoa | protists that ingest their food
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| Zoomastigotes | ancestor of all animals was member of this group
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| algae | photosynthetic protists
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| seaweeds | multicellular marine algae
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| Green algae | ancestor of true plants
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| cellular slime molds | the simplest model system for cellular differentiation
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| Green algae | ancestor of true plants; microscopic and unicellular
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| brown algae | contain the largest and most photosynthetically productive living thing; multicellular and marine
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| What could multicellular life evolved from? | from colonial protists
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