quick lists for 1st quiz in Vasc III + midterm
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| 5 hand positions for diagnosing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: | Resting
Elevated
Pledge
Stick up
Symptomatic
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| 2 causes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | • Majority of cases - neurogenic compression of the brachial plexus
• Small percentage of cases - compression of the subclavian artery or vein
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| 2 symptoms of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: | o Numbness or tingling of the arm
o Pain or aching in the shoulder or forearm
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| 4 symptoms of Compartment Syndrome: | • Paresthesia
• Pain
• Weakness of the involved muscle
• Late sign is loss of pulse
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| 2 diseases affecting primarily women: | Fibromuscular Displasia and Raynaud’s Syndrome
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| 2 diseases affecting primarily males: | Buerger’s disease and Popliteal Entrapment Syndrome
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| 4 types of Fibromuscular Displasia: | • intimal fibroplasia
• medial fibroplasia – most common form
• medial hyperplasia
• perimedial dysplasia
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| 3 types (locations) of Coarctation of the Aorta: | Preductal
Juxtductal
Postductal
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| 7 Treatments —Raynaud’s: | • Cessation of smoking
• Cold/stress avoidance
• Calcium channel blockers
• Sympathetic blocking agents
• Treat associated disease
• Cervico-thoracic sympathectomy
• Micro-revascularization
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| 4 Non-imaging techniques used in penile exams: | • CW Doppler (8-10 MHz transducer)
• Volume plethysmography
• Photoplethysmography (PPG)
• Strain-gauge plethysmography (SPG)
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| Normal PBI = | 0.7- 1.0
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| Marginal PBI = | 0.6 – 0.7
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| Abnormal PBI = | less than 0.6
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| PSV after injection in erectile state (at 5 minutes post injection)-- Normal: | ≥35 cm/sec
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| PSV after injection in erectile state (at 5 minutes post injection): Marginal = | 25-34 cm/sec
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| PSV after injection in erectile state (at 5 minutes post injection)-- Reduced: | <25 cm/sec
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| Other name for Buerger’s disease: | thromboangitis obliterans
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| Other name for thromboangitis obliterans: | Buerger’s disease
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| 2 Types of Small Vessel Occlusive Disease – | Fixed (Arteritis) and Vasospastic (Raynaud's)
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| 2 locations for Fibromuscular Displasia: | Renal arteries and ICA
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| 2 most common locations for FMD to occur: | ICA FMD: distal segment of ICA / Renal FMD: Mid-distal portion of renal artery
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| 2 types of Raynaud's: | Primary and Secondary
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| 3 sites to Doppler the penis: | Dorsal, Ventral, and Lateral aspects
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| 2 measurements suggestive of a venous leak in penile exam | PSV >35 cm/sec and EDV > 6 cm/sec
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| Rate of blood flow necessary for hemodialysis: | 250ml/min
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| 2 locations for a Brescia-Cimino Fistula: | Radial artery to cephalic vein (most common) // Ulnar artery to basilic vein
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| 2 characteristics Brescia-Cimino Fistulas are known for: | Long-term patency and low complication rate
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| 2 types of access grafts: | Common straight and common loop
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| 4 types of common straight access grafts: | * Distal radial artery to cephalic vein
* Distal radial to median cubital vein
* Distal radial to basilic vein
* Distal brachial artery to proximal basilic or axillary vein
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| 5 types of common loop access grafts: | * Distal brachial artery to cephalic vein
* Distal brachial artery to median cubital vein
* Distal brachial artery to basilic vein
* Proximal brachial artery to axillary vein
* Superficial femoral artery to greater saphenous vein
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| 6 Complications – Graft/AV fistulas: | * Thrombus/occlusion
* Stenosis
* Infection
* Arterial steal
* Distal venous hypertension
* Aneurysms/pseudoaneurysms (common)
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| 2 types of abnormal AV fistula: | congenital or traumatic
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| 2 clinical presentations of abnormal AV fistula: | Bruit and leg/arm ischemia
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| Most common site for AV fistula due to trauma: | Femoral junction (d/t cardiac cath)
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| If fistula is large and chronic, both arterial and venous flow may be ________ (distal to the fistula) | Retrograde
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| Compared to the normal artery, flow in the artery proximal to the fistula is greatly ___________, especially during ___________. | increased, diastole
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| With an abnormal fistula, proximal venous flow also _________& becomes more _________. | increases, pulsatile
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| BP in the distal artery is always _________ past the fistula | reduced
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| Arterial flow is normal if the resistance _________ the distal ____________ ________. | exceeds, vascular bed
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| Due to pressure (with fistula), valves that would prevent retrograde flow become ____________. | incompetent
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| Peripherally located fistulas less likely to cause ______, but more likely to cause _________ | CHF, ischemia
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| The ______ and _______ predict the resistance of the fistula | diameter and length
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| Fistulas can involve ________ & ________ arteries and veins as well as __________ arteries and veins | proximal & distal , collateral
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| 3 symptoms of leg/arm ischemia: | Pain,
Claudication, and
Pallor
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| In AV malformation, dilated, anomalous ________ shunt blood too quickly from arterial to venous side | capillaries
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| AV malformation, 2 common presentations: | seizure and hemorrhage
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| 2 treatments for larger fistulas: | Surgery to block abnormal channel or Endovascular coils inserted into fistula
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| In evaluation of AV Fistulas, normal flow direction in distal artery should be: | Antegrade
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| In evaluation of AV Fistulas, ________ flow in distal artery may occur due to chronic large fistula | Retrograde
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| Similar to AV fistulas, _______________ consists of a congenital abnormality which is the most common _________ ___________. | AV malformation , cerebrovascular malformation
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