Integumentary System
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| The integumentary system is made up of? | 1. Skin.
2. Hair.
3. Nails.
4. Sebaceous glands (sebum-oil).
5. Cerumenous glands (cerumen
earwax).
6. Sudoriferous glands (sweat).
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| The skin is? | 1. Flexible
2. waterproof
3. Protects the body from
ultraviolet (UV)light.
4. Protects the body from many
chemicals and microbes.
5. Regulates temperature
(evaporation.
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| The outermost layer of skin is called the? | epidermis.
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| The epidermis is composed of? | epithelial cells.
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| Epithelial cells reproduce by? | mitosis
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| Newer epithelial cells push upward where they slowly? | necrose.
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| Newer epithelial cells push upward where they slowly necrose this process is called? | keratinization.
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| These keratinized cells are constantly being? | sloughed
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| Skin sloughing helps rid the body of? | pathogens.
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| The second layer of the skin is called the? | dermis AKA corium
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| The dermis (corium)consists of? | connective tissue (collagenous + elastin fibers).
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| The function of collagen is to? | bind skin cells together.
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| Embedded in the dermis (corium) are? | 1. blood vessels.
2. nerves.
3. lymph vessels
4. hair follicles
5. sebaceous glands (sebum).
6. sudoriferous glands
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| The next layer of the skin is called the? | subcutaneous (subQ or subcu)AKA hypodermis.
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| The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) consists mainly of? | adipose tissue (fat).
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| The subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) attaches the? | dermis (corium) to the underlying muscles.
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| The fibrous connective tissue of the body is called? | fascia.
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| When skin is subjected to an excessive amount of abrasion or friction, a thickened area develops called a? | callus (calluses).
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| Skin pigmentation (color) is genetically determined by the amount of? | melanin produced.
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| A genetic mutation causing an absence of melanin production is called? | albinism.
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| A bluish discoloration of the skin caused by hypoxia or hypothermia is called? | cyanosis (cyanotic).
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| Excessive hemolysis of erythrocytes or hyperbilirubinemia causes a yellowish orangish discoloration to the skin and/or sclera called? | xanthoderma or jaundice or icterus (kernicterus).
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| Hair is a characteristic of all? | mammals.
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| Oh humans, hair can be found on the entire body EXCEPT for the? | 1. Palms.
2. Soles
3. Glans penis.
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| The average human produces? | 7 miles of hair/year
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| Hair is composed of the? | 1. The shaft.
2. Root.
3. Follicle.
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| The shaft is the? | visible portion of the hair.
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| The root is found in the? | epidermal tube.
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| The follicle is where? | mitosis occurs.
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| Attached to each hair follicle is the arrector pili muscle which causes the hair to? | "stand on end" causing a "goose flesh" appearance when we get scared or cold.
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| Genetics will control? | 1. Hair color.
2. Hair texture.
3. Hair loss (alopecia).
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| The visible part of a nail is called a? | nail body.
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| The part of a nail that grows is called a? | nail bed.
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| The base of a nail is covered by tissue called a? | cuticle AKA eponychium.
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| onychocryptosis is? | an abnormal condition of an ingrown (hidden) nail.
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| onychomycosis is? | an abnormal condition of a nail(s) caused by fungus.
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| paronychia is? | a condition of nail disease.
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| cicatrix (cicatrices)? | scar (s)
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| ulcer? | an erosion of the skin or mucous membrane.
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| Decubitus ulcer is AKA | bedsore or pressure sore (ulcer).
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| Decubitus ulcers commonly occur on bony prominences (pressure points) such as? | 1. Coccyx (tailbone).
2. Calcanei (heel bones).
3. Olecranons (Holy Crayon) (elbows)
4. Scapulae (shoulder bone)
5. Occipital bone (back and base of the cranium {skull}).
6. Pelvis (ilia and ischia).
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| Ecchymosis (ecchymotic) is a black + blue mark caused by bleeding under the skin AKA? | hematoma or contusion or bruise.
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| Edema (edematous) means? | tissue swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid.
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| Pitting edema is? | fluid accumulation where indentations occur after light palpation.
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| What is a keloid? | an exaggerated or hypertrophied scar
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| Keloids are associated with? | surgery and 3rd degree burns.
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| eschar (otic) means? | necrotic tissue caused by a burn.
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| macule (macular) means? | flat usually erythmatous (red) lesion.
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| What is a papule (papular)? | solid skin elevation (raised) <1cm.
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| What is a nevus (nevi)? | mole(s) or birthmark(s)
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| What is a nodule (nodular)? | large papule >1cm.
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| What is a petechia(e)? | pinpoint skin hemorrhage(s)
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| What does purpura (happy cat) mean? | a combination of ecchymosis and petechiae.
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| What does pustule (pustular) | a papule filled with pus.
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| What does abscess (abscesses) mean? | a collection of pus.
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| What does verruca(e) mean? | wart(s)
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| What does pallor mean? | paleness.
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| What does vesicle mean? | a fluid filled epidermal elevation AKA blister or bulla (>1cm) or bleb (<1cm).
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| What is an abrasion? | mechanical superficial damage to the skin AKA "scrape"
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| What does excoriation mean? | Chemical superficial damage to the skin such as "diaper rash".
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| What does cellulitis mean? | inflammation of the skin cells.
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| What does urticaria mean? | urticaria
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| hives are AKA? | wheals.
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| Urticaria is an indication of an? | allergic reaction.
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| What is a cyst? | a thickening or lump.
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| what is a furuncle? | a bacterial infection infection of a hair follicle AKA a boil, carbuncle (car load), cluster of furuncles
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| Gangrene (gangrenous) means? | putrefaction (rot) caused by tissue necrosis and bacterial proliferation.
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| What does laceration mean? | tissue that is cut, torn, or ripped.
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| What is an avulsion mean? | tearing any part of the body away from the whole.
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| What does xeroderma mean? | dry skin
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| What does ichthyosis means? | dry scaly skin.
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| What does crustation(s) mean? | scab(s).
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| What does vitiligo (Michael Jackson) mean? | localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches.
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Created by:
Penny S
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